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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2013 May 7;17(7):743–760. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2013.782287

Figure 3. TGF-β signaling in tumor promotion.

Figure 3

TGF-β achieves its tumor promoting effect by several mechanisms: EMT, evasion of the immune system, promotion of cancer cell proliferation by modulation of the tumor microenvironment and effect on the metastatic process.

APC: Antigen presenting cells; EMT: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; NK: Natural killer.