Table 1. General characteristics of subjects.
| Severe END (N = 28) | No severe END (N = 350) | p | END (N = 55) | No END (N = 323) | p | |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 68.17±14.00 | 65.66±12.89 | 0.325 | 68.14±13.45 | 65.46±12.86 | 0.157 |
| Male (n, %) | 11 (39.3) | 216 (61.7) | 0.026 | 26 (47.3) | 201 (62.2) | 0.052 |
| Risk factors (n, %) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 19 (67.9) | 204 (58.3) | 0.425 | 35 (36.6) | 188 (58.2) | 0.464 |
| Diabetes | 7 (25.0) | 103 (29.4) | 0.829 | 15 (27.3) | 95 (29.4) | 0.873 |
| Dyslipidemia | 9 (32.1) | 112 (32.0) | >0.999 | 21 (38.2) | 100 (31.0) | 0.348 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (28.6) | 70 (20.0) | 0.330 | 10 (18.2) | 68 (21.1) | 0.721 |
| Smoking | 4 (14.3) | 95 (27.1) | 0.181 | 8 (14.5) | 91 (28.2) | 0.045 |
| Previous stroke or TIA | 4 (14.3) | 55 (15.7) | >0.999 | 7 (12.7) | 52 (16.1) | 0.688 |
| TOAST classification (n, %) | 0.347 | 0.010 | ||||
| LAA | 15 (53.6) | 147 (42.0) | 35 (63.6) | 127 (39.3) | ||
| CE | 7 (25.0) | 77 (22.0) | 10 (18.2) | 74 (22.9) | ||
| SVO | 0 | 46 (13.1) | 1 (1.8) | 45 (13.9) | ||
| UD | 6 (21.4) | 80 (22.9) | 9 (16.4) | 77 (23.8) | ||
| Baseline NIHSS (med, IQR) | 2.0 (1.75) | 2.0 (1.0) | 0.023 | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | 0.345 |
| Onset to visit time (med, IQR) | 157.0 (148.75) | 138.5 (142.0) | 0.946 | 160.0 (115.0) | 134.0 (145.0) | 0.580 |
| Blood glucose level (med, IQR) | 127.0 (44.25) | 124.0 (48.5) | 0.303 | 120.0 (47.0) | 125.0 (49.0) | 0.919 |
| Lesion location (n, %) | 0.296 | 0.924 | ||||
| Anterior circulation | 22 (78.6) | 234 (66.9) | 39 (70.9) | 217 (67.2) | ||
| Posterior circulation | 5 (17.9 | 106 (30.3) | 13 (23.6) | 98 (30.3 | ||
| Both circulations | 1 (3.6 | 10 (2.9) | 3 (5.5) | 8 (2.5) | ||
| Lesion patterns (N = 256)* | ||||||
| PAI (N = 11) | 2 (5.1) | 9 (4.1) | 0.677 | 2 (9.1) | 9 (3.8) | 0.242 |
| PI (N = 95) | 9 (40.9) | 86 (36.8) | 0.818 | 13 (33.3) | 82 (37.8) | 0.719 |
| BI (N = 39) | 5 (22.7) | 34 (14.5) | 0.348 | 8 (20.5) | 31 (14.3) | 0.335 |
| TI (N = 46) | 6 (27.3 | 40 (17.1) | 0.247 | 9 (23.1) | 37 (17.1) | 0.369 |
| LI (N = 99) | 3 (13.6) | 96 (41.0) | 0.011 | 11 (28.2) | 88 (40.6) | 0.158 |
| Combined (N = 29) | 3 (13.6) | 26 (11.1) | 0.724 | 4 (10.3) | 25 (11.5) | >0.999 |
| Angiography (n, %) | ||||||
| Symptomatic artery | <0.001 | 0.034 | ||||
| No steno-occlusion | 6 (21.4) | 173 (49.4) | 22 (40.0) | 157 (48.6) | ||
| Stenosis | 2 (7.1) | 78 (22.3) | 7 (12.7) | 73 (22.6) | ||
| Occlusion | 20 (71.4) | 99 (28.3) | 26 (47.3) | 93 (28.8) | ||
| Irrelevant artery | 0.547 | 0.683 | ||||
| Stenosis | 4 (14.3) | 42 (12.0) | 10 (18.2) | 36 (11.1) | ||
| Occlusion | 2 (7.1) | 18 (5.1) | 2 (3.6) | 18 (5.6) | ||
| Thrombolysis (n, %) | 1 (3.6) | 8 (2.3) | 0.504 | 1 (1.8) | 8 (2.5) | >0.999 |
| mRS score 0–2 at 90 days | 6 (21.4) | 305 (87.1) | <0.001 | 21 (38.2) | 290 (89.8) | <0.001 |
| mRS score 0–1 at 90 days | 5 (17.9) | 245 (70.0) | <0.001 | 14 (25.5) | 236 (73.1) | <0.001 |
Baseline NIHSS scores, onset to visit time, and initial blood glucose levels were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test after tests of normality.
END, early neurological deterioration; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; CE, cardioembolism; SVO, small vessel occlusion; UD, undetermined; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PAI, perforating artery infarcts; PI, pial infarcts; BI, border zone infarcts; TI, territorial infarcts; LI, lacunar infarcts; IVT, intra-venous thrombolysis; IAR, intra-arterial revascularization.
*
Lesion patterns were analyzed only in patients with lesions in anterior circulation.