Table 2.

Associations Between Subsidy Receipt and Academic School Readiness in Kindergarten

	Reading				Math
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
Subsidy receipt	0.05	0.07	−0.01	0.13	−0.05	0.06	−0.20	0.10*
Head Start			−0.21	0.11			−0.19	0.10
Public Pre-k			−0.04	0.14			−0.22	0.13
Home-based care			−0.19	0.12			−0.20	0.09*
Subsidy receipt*home-based care			−0.05	0.19			0.18	0.18
Post-hoc comparisons
Subsidy in CBC - Head Start			*				ns
Subsidy in CBC - Public Pre-k			ns				ns
Subsidy in CBC - Subsidy in home-based care			ns				ns
Subsidy in CBC - No subsidy in home-based care			ns				ns
Subsidy in home-based care - Head Start			ns				ns
Subsidy in home-based care - Public Pre-k			ns				ns
Subsidy in home-based care - No subsidy in home-based care			ns				ns
N	1,350		1,350		1,350		1,350

Note: Data are from ECLS-B 9-month-Kindergarten Restricted Use Data File; standard errors are jackknife standard errors.

All estimates are weighted by replicate weights WK45T1-WK45T90; CBC = community-based center; ns = not significant.

All models controlled for the following covariates, drawn from the baseline (9-month) or 2-year waves: maternal race, maternal education, maternal marital status, maternal employment, maternal English proficiency, maternal age at focal child's birth, # of children in home ≤ age 6, # of children in home ≥ age 7, urbanicity, household food insecurity, child disability status, child sex, child age, wave child first entered kindergarten, prior receipt of non-parental care, prior subsidy receipt, and an earlier measure of the appropriate outcome.

The omitted group in Model 1 is children who did not receive subsidies; the omitted group in Model 2 is unsubsidized children in CBC care.

^***p<.001,

^**p<.01,

^*p<.05.