Table 1.
Examples of stomatal response to various closing stimuli that are altered after short- (A) or long-term (B) exposure to environmental variables
| Species | Environmental variable (duration) | Closing stimuli (duration) | Reaction of the stomata | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Short-term exposure | ||||
| Tradescantia virginiana | Low VPD (1–3 d) | Desiccation (150min) | Closure of the stomata | Rezaei Nejad and van Meeteren (2008) |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Low VPD (1h) | ABA (2h) | Closure of the stomata | Okamoto et al. (2009) |
| O3 (3min and 6h) | Exposure to ozone (3min and 6h) | Closure of the stomata and decrease in stomatal conductance | Overmyer et al. (2008); Vahisalu et al. (2010) | |
| Polypodium vulgar | Low VPD (1h) | Dry air (15–30min) | Closure of the stomata | Lange et al. (1971) |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | O3 (3h) | Exposure to ozone (3h) | Decrease in stomatal conductance | Leipner et al. (2001) |
| Vicia faba | Light (30–120min) | ABA, Ca2+, and SNAP (30–120min) | Inhibition of stomatal opening | Garcia-Mata and Lamattina (2007) |
| (B) Long-term exposure | ||||
| Tradescantia virginiana | Low and moderate VPD (>4 d) | ABA, SNP, and desiccation (150min) | In moderate VPD-exposed leaves stomata close, but in low VPD-exposed leaves stomata remain to some extent open | Rezaei Nejad et al. (2006); Rezaei Nejad and van Meeteren (2005, 2007, 2008) |
| Rosa hybrida | Low VPD (during growth) | Desiccation (>2h) | Slow reduction in transpiration rate | Torre and Fjeld (2001); Fanourakis et al. (2011) |
| Continuous light (24 and 20h d–1) | Leaf detachment (3h) and darkness (4h) | High water loss and stomata remain open | Slootweg and van Meeteren (1991); Mortensen and Gislerød (1999) | |
| Leontodon hispidus | O3 (1–29 d) | ABA (1h) | Reduction of stomatal sensitivity for closure response | Wilkinson and Davies (2009) |
| O3 (20 weeks) | ABA and leaf desiccation | Impaired stomatal control | Mills et al. (2009) | |
| Arbutus unedo | O3 (90 d) | Abrupt reduction of light intensity and water stress (20min) | Sluggish stomatal response | Paoletti (2005) |