(a)  

Author, year	Ceramic material	Polymeric material	Animal choice	Anatomical choice	Length of study	Time points	Sample size	Defect size	Scaffold size	Control
Cao and Kuboyama, 2010 [46]	β-TCP	PGA	Sprague-Dawley rats	Femur; Medial epicondyle	12 weeks	0, 14, 30, and 90 days	5/time points/group	3 mm diameter; 2 mm depth	N/A	(+) HAp (−) no implant
Chu et al., 2007 [72]	TCP	PPF	Long Evans rats	Femur	15 weeks	6 and 15 weeks	4 or 7/time point/group	5 mm	OD: 4 mm—ID: 2 mm; Height 5 mm	No BMP
Jegoux et al., 2008 [73]	BCaP	Collagen	New Zealand white rabbit and beagle dogs	Femur	18 weeks	18 weeks	6 rabbits, 6 dogs	20 mm	5 × 5 × 5 mm
Guda et al., 2011 [74]	HAp		New Zealand white rabbit	Radial diaphysis	8 weeks	4 and 8 weeks	12/time point/group	10 mm		(+) autograft (−) no implant
Ignatius et al., 2001 [75]	β-TCP	PLA	Merino sheep	Tibia	8 weeks	6, 12, and 24 months	6/time point/group	N/A	24 mm length, 14 mm wide, 6 mm thick	(+) TCP (−) autograft
Jayabalan et al., 2010 [76]	HAp	HT-PPFhm	Rabbit	Femur	48 weeks	12, 24, and 48 weeks	2/time point	4 mm diameter; 2 mm depth	N/A	(−) no implant
Lickorish et al., 2007 [77]	TTCP and DCPA	PLGA	Wistar rats	Femur	2 weeks	2 weeks	N/A	2.3 mm diameter	2 mm diameter	PLGA scaffold
Rai et al., 2010 [78]	TCP	PCL	CBH/Rnu rats	Femur	3 weeks	3 weeks	6/time point	8 mm	8 mm high, 4 mm diameter	(−) non-seeded
Xu et al., 2011 [25]	Bioglass	Collagen-phosphatidylserine	Sprague-Dawley rats	Femur	6 weeks	3 day, 3 and 6 weeks	3/time point/group	3.5 mm diameter; 4.5 mm diameter	N/A	No phosphatidylserine