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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;17(3):681–697. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2009-1071

Figure 4. Long-term caffeine administration to aged, cognitively-impaired APP mice reduces soluble Aβ levels in both cortex and hippocampus, while also decreasing deposited (insoluble) Aβ in hippocampus.

Figure 4

Caffeine was administered to 18–19 month old APPsw mice for two months in their drinking water. Both brain Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were decreased in caffeine-treated Tg mice. Although plasma Aβ levels were unaffected for all Tg/Caff mice inclusively, see Figure 6B. Immunohistochemical Aβ deposition in the hippocampus was reduced by 40% in caffeine treatment mice. *p<0.05; **p<0.001. Each group consisted of 5–8 mice.