Table 1.

Attributes supporting the determination of arid zone evolutionary refugia. NR = Not Recorded

Aquatic habitat	Divergence time of dominant fauna	Short-range endemics present	Relictual species present	Sources	Likely importance as evolutionary refugia
Subterranean aquifers	Mid-Miocene 3–11 mya	Yes	Yes	1–5	High
Discharge springs (GAB)	2.5–0.4 mya	Yes	Yes	6–8	High
Outcrop springs	Unknown	NR	NR		Low
Relict streams	LGM	Yes	Yes	9	High
Riverine waterholes	2.5 mya-present approximately varying times for different taxa (Mollusca, Crustacea and fishes)	Regional endemism detected in some fish taxa	No	110–16	Moderate for permanent & low for temporary waterholes
Stream pools	Unknown	NR	NR	9	Low
Isolated rockholes	Unknown	NR	NR	17	Low
Claypans	Unknown	NR	NR		Low
Temporary lakes	Unknown	NR	NR		Low

Sources: (i) Byrne et al. (2008); (ii) Leys et al. (2003); (iii) Cooper et al. (2007, 2008); (iv) Humphreys (2006); (v) Guzik et al. (2010); (vi) Perez et al., ²⁰⁰⁵; (vii) Murphy et al. (2009, 2012); (viii) Worthington Wilmer et al. (2008); (xi) Davis et al. (1993); (x) Murphy & Austin, ²⁰⁰⁴; (xi) Carini & Hughes (2004, 2006); (xii) Hughes et al. (2004); (xiii) Hughes & Hillyer (2003, 2006); (xiv) Nguyen et al. (2004); (xv) Bostock et al. (2006); (xvi) Unmack (2001a, b); and (xvii) Bayly (2001).