Table 1.
VariableReferences | Preload examples | No. of interventions | Percentagea |
---|---|---|---|
Physical form | |||
Liquid preloads11,22,24,29,43–,68 | Custom-made beverages (e.g., milkshake with added nutrients), fruit juice, liquid yogurts, milk, soft drinks, smooth soup (e.g., with particles <1 mm), broth, sweetened water | 121 | 48 |
Semisolid preloads9,28,39,43,51–53,55–57,69–71 | Yogurts, jelly, pureed food, chunky soups, pasta soups, thickened milkshakes, pate-type food | 69 | 27 |
Composite meal preloads21,47,51,53,56,62,69,72–78 | Any non-liquid served with water or a drink (e.g., cheese, crackers, and fruit juice; meat casserole with glass of water) | 43 | 17 |
Solid preloads52,57,64,69,73,79–82 | Vegetables, salad, bread, sandwiches, whole fruit, cheese, meat, pasta | 20 | 8 |
Sex | |||
Male participants9,11,21,22,24,28,44,45,47–49,51,53,54,56,59–63,66–68,70,72,74,76,78,80 | Data for male participants only | 120 | 48 |
Female participants9,11,21,22,24,43,50,51,55,56,60,65,66,69,70,81,82 | Data for female participants only | 90 | 35 |
Both sexes29,39,46,52,57,58,64,71,73,75,77,79 | Grouped data for males and females | 43 | 17 |
BMI and restrained eating | |||
Lean participants9,11,21,22,24,28,39,43,44,46,47,49,50,54–57,59,61–63,65–69,71,72,74–82 | Data for non-overweight, non-obese participants | 197 | 78 |
Non-lean participants29,45,48,51–53,58,60,64,70,73 | Includes groups of lean plus overweight or obese subjects | 56 | 22 |
Restrained eaters70 | Defined by validated eating behavior questionnaire (10 lean and 5 obese subjects) | 15 | 6 |
Total interventions | 253 | 100% |
Percentage of number of interventions from total in database.