Fig. 5.

Effects of bamboo salt (400 mg/kg b.w.) on mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in liver tissues of rats treated with CCl₄. P, purified salt; S, solar salt; BS, bamboo salt. The intensity of the band was measured by densitometry and expressed as fold ratios compared with the control. Fold ratio: gene expression/GAPDH × control numerical value (control fold ratio: 1). Mean values with different letters over the bars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) according to Duncan's multiple range test.