Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Subjects
| Parameter | NGT (n=68) | T1DM (n=70) | T2DM (n=72) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 21±3.5 (12–26) | 21±3.5 (13–26) | 21±3.6 (14–27) |
| Male [n (%)] | 34 (50.0) | 35 (50.0) | 36 (50.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24±5.0 | 21±3.3a | 26±4.4bc |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.8±11.7 | 74.0±11.0a | 88.6±14.5bc |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic | 121±16 | 117±12 | 123±13 |
| Diastolic | 76±10 | 72±7 | 76±9 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 85±7 | 192±94b | 145±55bc |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.4±0.4 | 9.2±1.8b | 7.9±2.1bc |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158±31 | 163±36 | 154±32 |
| Serum triglycerides (mg/dL)d | 85.7 | 74.4 | 118.0b |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 40±8.6 | 47±12b | 37±7.5c |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 100±24 | 97±25 | 90±27 |
| C-peptide (pmol/mL) | |||
| Fasting | 1.40±0.25 | 0.29±0.07b | 1.20±0.45bc |
| Stimulated | 3.2±0.9 | 0.35±0.20b | 2.8±1.0bc |
| GAD positivity [n (%)] | 1 (1.4) | 44 (62.8) | 5 (6.9) |
| IA-2 positivity [n (%)] | 1 (1.4) | 25 (35.1) | 6 (8.3) |
| Family history of T2DM [n (%)] | 41 (60.2) | 21 (30.0) | 54 (75) |
| Serum adiponectin (μg/mL) | 6.84±2.7 (2.2–16.4) | 9.89±4.4 (3.2–20.5)b | 3.88±1.2 (1.02–7.99)bc |
| Treatment [n (%)] | |||
| Insulin alone | — | 70 (100) | — |
| OHA alone | — | — | 65 (90.0) |
| Insulin+OHA alone | — | — | 7 (10.0) |
| Antihypertensive | — | 4 (5.5) | 6 (9.0) |
| Statin therapy | — | 2 (2.8) | 5 (7.0) |
Data are mean±SD values (range) or n (%) as indicated.
a
P<0.01, bP<0.001 compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
c
P<0.001 compared with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
d
Geometric mean.
GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; IA-2, tyrosine-phosphatase-like transmembrane protein; OHA, oral antidiabetes drug; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.