Table 2.
Existing and Proposed Screen Media Parenting Practice Constructs
| Screen Media Parenting Practice construct | Proposed definition | Existing or proposed construct |
|---|---|---|
| Total limits | Parents have limits on the total amount of time the child can engage in screen media use. | Existing45 |
| Timing limits | Limits to screen media use are implemented by parents based on the time of day (e.g., no screen media use an hour before bed). | Existing45 |
| Content restrictions | Parents have restrictions on the content of screen media allowed. | Existing45 |
| Contingent viewing | Screen media time is dependent upon something else (e.g., completing homework or taking nap). | Existing45 |
| Parental supervision | Parents supervise screen media behaviors by being in the same room, but not necessarily co-viewing. | Existing45 |
| Co-viewing | Parents watch television together with their child. | Existing45 |
| Encouragement of TV | Parents encourage child viewing of TV that may be specific to certain types of programming or certain times. | Existing45 |
| Instruction | Parents provide instructions regarding what is viewed on screen media (explain what characters are doing, the meaning of advertisements, etc.). | Existing44,46 |
| Providing choice | Parents provide the child with choices regarding screen media use (such as programing and timing). | Proposed |
| Negotiated rules | Parents and child negotiate rules about screen media use allowed for the child. | Proposed |
| Mealtime rules | There are rules about screen media use during mealtimes. | Existing45 |
| Monitoring | Parents keep track at regular intervals of content, context or amount of screen media used by child. | Existing 51–53 |
| Limits on co-activities | There are rules on other activities that can be done while using screen media (such as eating or doing homework). | Proposed |
| Limits on location | There are limits on where in the house screen media can be used (no TV in bedroom, no handheld videogames in bedroom). | Proposed |
| Parent decisions that affect availability | Whether to have screen media equipment within the home environment; extreme end is no screen media, or no TV in home. | Proposed |
| Parent decisions that affect accessibility | Whether to have screen media equipment in the home that is within sight of child and easily accessed by child. | Proposed |
Existing, Media parenting practices identified in Jago's et al. 2013 systematic review45 and the literature; proposed, media parenting practices identified by the Media Parenting Working Group in Houston.