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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 19.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2011 Jan;60(1):1–23. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.09.010

Table 2.

Oral antidiabetic agents

Drug class Brand name Generic name Available strengths (mg) Mechanisms of action
Sulfonylureas Diabeta Glyburide 1.25, 2.5, 5 graphic file with name nihms494397t1.jpg Stimulate pancreatic β cells to increase first-phase insulin secretion May cause hypoglycemia
Micronase Glyburide 1.25, 2.5, 5
Glynase Glyburide (micronized) 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0
Glucotrol Glipizide 5, 10
Glucotrol XL Glipizide 5, 10
Amaryl Glimepiride 1, 2, 4
Meglitinides Prandin Repaglinide 0.5, 1, 2
Starlix Nateglinide 60, 120
Biguanides Glucophage Metformin 500, 850, 1,000 graphic file with name nihms494397t2.jpg ↓ HGO
Glucophage XR Metformin 500
Thiazoledinediones Actos Pioglitazone 15, 30, 45 graphic file with name nihms494397t3.jpg Decrease insulin resistance
Avandia Rosiglitazone 2, 4, 8
α-Glucosidase inhibitors Precose Acarbose 25, 50, 100 graphic file with name nihms494397t4.jpg Delay glucose absorption
Glyset Miglitol 5, 50, 100
Combinations Glucovance Glyburide/metformin 1.25/250, 2.5/500, 5.0/500 graphic file with name nihms494397t5.jpg ↓ HGO Decrease insulin resistance ↑ Insulin secretion
Avandamet Rosiglitazone/metformin 1/500, 2/500, 4/500
Actos + mets Pioglitazone/metformin 15/500, 15/850
Prandimet Metformin/repaglinide 500/1, 500/2
DPP IV inhibitors Januvia Sitagliptin 25, 50, 100
Janumet Sitagliptin/metformin 50/500, 50/1000

HGO, hepatic glucose output; DPP IV, dipeptidyl peptidase IV.