Table 1. Independent variable derivation from GSHS survey data (2006).
| Survey question | Coding | Variable |
|---|---|---|
| Individual-level variables | ||
| How old are you? | 11–17 years (coded categorically) | Age |
| What is your sex? | Male (1) | Sex |
| Female (0) | ||
| During the past 12 months, how often have you been so worried about something that you could not sleep at night? | Most of the time/always (1) | Anxiety |
| Never/rarely/sometimes (0) | ||
| During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing your usual activities? | Yes (1) | Signs of depression |
| No (0) | ||
| During the past 12 months, how often have you felt lonely? | Most of the time/always (1) | Loneliness |
| Never/rarely/sometimes (0) | ||
| During the past 30 days, how many days did you miss classes or school without permission? | 0–2 times (0) | Truancy |
| 3 to or more days (1) | ||
| During the past 30 days, on how many days were you bullied? | 0 times (0) | Bullying victimization |
| 1 or more times (1) | ||
| During the past 7 days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 min per day? | 3 days or less (0) | Physical activity |
| 4 days or more (1) | ||
| How much time do you spend during a typical or usual day sitting and watching television, playing computer games, talking with friends, or doing other sitting activities? | 2 h or less (0) | Sedentary |
| 3 h or more (1) | ||
| During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight? | 0–1 times (0) | In a fight |
| 2 or more times (1) | ||
| Social-level variables | ||
| During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians understand your problems and worries? | Most of the time/always (1) | Supportive parental figures |
| Never/rarely/sometimes (0) | ||
| During the past 30 days, how often were most of the students in your school kind and helpful? | Always (1) | Helpful peers |
| Most of the time/ Never/rarely/sometimes (0) |
||
| How many close friends do you have? | 0 close friends (0) | Close friends |
| 1 close friends (1) | ||
| 2 close friends (2) | ||
| 3+close friends (3) | ||
| During the past 30 days, how often did you go hungry because there was not enough food in your home? | Most of the time/always (1) | Food insecurity |
| Never/rarely/sometimes (0) | ||