Table 4.

Prior exposure to self-management pain programs, willingness to participate in new program, and level of perceived barriers to program participation

	White n=30	Hispanic n=30	African American n=30	All Participants n=90
Prior participation in self-management pain program	60%*	23%†	20%	34%
Strongly willing to participate in new pain program	83%	80%	77%	80%
Mean (sd) level of perceived barriers to program participation‡
Language concerns/cultural issues	1.00 (.00)	1.00 (.00)	1.27 (1.02)	1.09 (.59)
Transportation issues	1.30 (1.02)	1.03 (.18)	1.27 (.64)	1.20 (.70)
Time conflicts	1.63 (1.10)	1.70 (.95)	1.20 (.41)§	1.51 (.88)
Other health problems	1.20 (.55)	1.50 (1.11)	1.20 (.66)	1.30 (.81)
Lack of confidence to do exercise	1.10 (.40)	1.30 (1.02)	1.07 (.25)	1.15 (.65)
Little or no support from family	1.23 (.90)	1.50 (1.25)	1.07 (.37)	1.27 (.92)
Fear of pain/injury	1.23 (.82)	1.63 (1.30)	1.17 (.75)	1.34 (.99)
Concern that treatment will not work	1.27 (.78)	1.53 (1.22)	1.00 (.00)§	1.27 (.85)

^*Non-Hispanic White vs. African American pairwise comparison significant at P < 0.05 level.

^†Hispanic versus non-Hispanic White pairwise comparison significant at P < 0.05 level.

^‡Participants were asked to rate the extent to which each barrier may cause difficulty participating in the program. The magnitude of each barrier was assessed using a five-point scale ranging from 1 (not a problem/concern at all) to 5 (very significant problem/concern).

^§African American versus Hispanic pairwise comparison significant at P < 0.05 level.