Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder (BD), severe mood dysregulation (SMD) or healthy volunteer (HV) participants.
| Characteristic | BD (N=19) |
SMD (N = 19) |
HV (N = 15) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age (years) | 14.22 (2.53) | 13.42 (2.63) | 14.98 (2.03) |
| Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence full-scale IQa | 104.58 (13.36) | 103.89 (14.39) | 108.27 (15.35) |
| Young Mania Rating Scale score (YMRS)b | 6.28 (3.91) | – | – |
| Children's Depression Rating Scale Score (CDRS)c | 26.53 (7.41) | 27.06 (4.62) | – |
| Number of medications | 3.00 (1.86) | 2.05 (1.65) | – |
| Number of co-existing diagnoses | 2.37 (1.16) | 2.16 (1.38) | – |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Male | 10 (52.6) | 10 (52.6) | 5 (33.3) |
| BD I | 14 (73.7) | – | – |
| BD II | 5 (26.3) | – | – |
| Mood stated | |||
| Euthymic | 16 (84.2) | 19 (100) | – |
| Depressed | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | – |
| Manic or hypomanic | 1 (5.3) | – | – |
| Mixed | 0 (0) | – | – |
| co- existing diagnoses | |||
| ADHD | 12 (63.2) | 15 (78.9) | – |
| Oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disordere | 3 (15.8) | 9 (47.4) | – |
| Anxiety disorder | 10 (52.6) | 6 (31.6) | – |
| Medication | |||
| Unmedicated | 3 (15.8) | 4 (21.1) | – |
| Atypical antipsychotic | 13 (68.4) | 8 (42.1) | – |
| Lithium | 5 (26.3) | 2 (10.5) | – |
| Antiepileptic | 12 (63.2) | 7 (36.8) | – |
| Antidepressant | 9 (47.4) | 4 (21.2) | – |
| Stimulant | 6 (31.6) | 8 (42.1) | – |
BD = bipolar disorder, SMD = severe mood dysregulation, HV = healthy volunteer.
For two-scale IQ N = 4; for full-scale IQ N = 53.
Data missing for one BD patient.
Data missing for one BD and one SMD patient. The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Seasonal Affective Disorders (SIGH-SAD) was collected instead of CDRS for one BD patient (score = 13) and one SMD patient (score = 13) who were over 18 at the time of the scan.
For one BD patient and one SMD patient who were over 18, SIGH-SAD was used instead of CDRS to determine mood state. Euthymia was defined as: CDRS < 40 (or SIGH-SAD ≤ 20) and YMRS ≤ 12. Depression was defined as: CDRS ≥ 40 (or SIGH-SAD > 20) and YMRS ≤ 12. Mania/hypomania was defined as: CDRS < 40 (or SIGH-SAD ≤ 20) and YMRS > 12. Mixed state was defined as: CDRS ≥ 40 (or SIGH-SAD > 20) and YMRS > 12.
BD vs SMD [χ 2 (1, N = 38) = 4.39, p < .05].