Table 3. Estimated associations for ∑DEHP and MnBP with IR markers.
Glucose | Insulin | HOMA | ||||||||
Model | Metabolite | β | 95% CI | P-Value | β | 95% CI | P-Value | β | 95% CI | P-Value |
1 | ∑DEHP | 0.10 | 0.003, 0.20 | 0.044 | 0.67 | −0.004, 1.34 | 0.051 | 0.25 | 0.02, 0.48 | 0.031 |
MnBP | 0.04 | −0.06, 0.13 | 0.436 | 0.33 | −0.33, 0.98 | 0.326 | 0.13 | −0.09, 0.35 | 0.260 | |
2 | ∑DEHP | 0.11 | 0.01, 0.21 | 0.032 | 0.67 | −0.02, 1.35 | 0.058 | 0.25 | 0.02, 0.48 | 0.037 |
MnBP | 0.05 | −0.05, 0.15 | 0.295 | 0.32 | −0.35, 0.99 | 0.351 | 0.13 | −0.10, 0.36 | 0.255 | |
3 | ∑DEHP | 0.11 | 0.01, 0.22 | 0.033 | 0.70 | 0.01, 1.40 | 0.047 | 0.26 | 0.01, 0.51 | 0.040 |
MnBP | 0.06 | −0.04, 0.17 | 0.241 | 0.38 | −0.30, 1.07 | 0.273 | 0.16 | −0.09, 0.40 | 0.211 |
β and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained in single pollutant models of ∑DEHP and MnBP. Changes in glucose, insulin, and HOMA indices by a log change of ∑DEHP and MnBP were obtained by model; Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, BMI, educational attainment, exercise, and cotinine level; model 2 adjusted for model 1 variables plus PM10 on lag day 4, O3 on lag day 5, NO2 on lag day 7, and outdoor temperature and dew point in the day; model 3 adjusted for model 2 variables plus total caloric and fat intake. ∑DEHP, molar sum of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP); MnBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment.