Table 2.
General information on the mutants miming apomictic components and genes showing apomictic phenotypes in sexual model plants along with references
| Plant phenotype | Gene/mutant | Species | Gene product/molecular function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apomeiosis | ||||
| Multiple archesporial cells | MAC1 | Maize | n.d. | Sheridan et al. (1996) |
| MSP1 | Rice | LRR receptor-like kinase | Nonomura et al. (2003) | |
| TDL1A | Rice | Small extracellular protein (unknown function) | Zhao et al. (2008) | |
| Diplospory-like (switch/turning meiosis into mitosis) | DYAD/SWITCH (SWI) | Arabidopsis | Meiosis-specific chromatin-associated protein | Ravi et al. (2008), Pawlowski et al. (2009) |
| MiMe (SPO11-1, REC8 or SYN1 and OSD1 or TAM1) | Arabidopsis | Meiosis-specific (synaptic) proteins and cell cycle-progression proteins | d’Erfurth et al. (2009), 2010) | |
| Diplospory-like (restitutional meiosis) | Elomgate (el1) | Maize | Putative chromatin remodeling factor | Rhoades and Dempsey (1966), Grimanelli et al. (2003) |
| AGO104 | Maize | ARGONAUTE protein catalytic component of the RNA-induced protein complex of gene silencing | Singh et al. (2011) | |
| MOB1 |
Alfalfa Arabidopsis |
Protein involved in cell proliferation, cell death and cell polarity | Citterio et al. (2005), Vitulo et al. (2007), Galla et al. (2010) | |
| DMT102 and DMT103 | DNA methyl-transferases | Garcia-Aguilar et al. (2010) | ||
| Apospory-like (aposporic initials and embryo sacs) | AGO9 | Arabidopsis | ARGONAUTE protein (see above) | Olmedo-Monfil et al. (2010) |
| RDR6 | Arabidopsis | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | ||
| SGS3 | Arabidopsis | RNA binding protein suppressor of gene silencing | ||
| MNEME (MEM) | Arabidopsis | DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicase | Schmidt et al. (2011) | |
| Parthenogenesis/embryogenesis | ||||
| Haploid parthenogenesis and facultative pseudogamy | Haploid parthenogenesis (HAP) | Barley | n.d. | Hagberg and Hagberg (1980) |
| Autonomous seed development, including parthenogenesis | MSI1 | Arabidopsis | WD40 domain protein; part of polycomb group complex (PRC2) | Guitton and Berger (2005), Ingouff et al. (2005) |
| Haploid parthenogenesis and polyembryony | Indeterminate gametophyte (IG1) | Maize |
LOB domain protein DNA-binding transcription factors |
Evans (2007) |
| Embryogenesis (embryo development) | Leafy cotyledon (LEC1) | Arabidopsis | CCAAT box-binding factor (HAP3 subunit) | Lotan et al. (1998) |
| SERK1 | Arabidopsis | LRR receptor-like kinase | Hecht et al. (2001) | |
| BABY BOOM (BBM1) | Arabidopsis and Brassica | AP2 domain transcription factor | Boutilier et al. (2002) | |
| Endosperm development | ||||
| Autonomous endosperm development | MEDEA (MEA) | Arabidopsis | SET domain Polycomb protein | Grossniklaus et al. (1998) |
| FIE | Arabidopsis | WD domain Polycomb protein | Ohad et al. (1999) | |
| FIS2 | Arabidopsis | C2H2 zinc-finger protein part of polycomb group complex | Luo et al. (1999) | |
| MSI1 | Arabidopsis |
Component of the MEA/FIE Polycomb group complex |
Köhler et al. (2003), Guitton and Berger (2005), Ingouff et al. (2005) | |