Table 2.

Questionnaire on the procedures and devices used in open liver surgery

1 Do you perform vascular control by individually dissecting the hepatoduodenal ligaments or in the en bloc fashion by Takasaki et al.'s method [18] prior to division of liver parenchyma? a. Individually hepatic artery, portal vein and the bile duct b. En bloc ligation of the Glissonian sheath at the hepatic hilum c. No

2 Do you apply intermittent Pringle's maneuver during division of the hepatic parenchyma? a. Almost always b. Sometimes (only when excessive bleeding occurs) c. Rarely d. No

3 Do you restrict the intraoperative fluid infusion to reduce the pressure of IVC? a. Yes b. No

4 How do you divide (not seal the portal pedicles) the hepatic parenchyma? a. Clump-crushing b. CUSA c. Harmonic Scalpel d. LigaSure e. Linear stapler f. Tissue Link g. Bipolar scissors h. Others, please describe

5 How do you seal the thin portal pedicles (less than 3 mm in diameter) or hepatic parenchyma? a. Ligation with stitch b. Harmonic Scalpel c. LigaSure d. Linear Stapler e. Tissue Link f. Bipolar scissors g. Hemoclip h. Others, please describe

6 Backflow from the hepatic veins is massive. How do you reduce blood loss? a. Performing selective hepatic venous control b. Performing total or half clamping IV c. Performing total vascular exclusion d. Blood drawing to reduce CVP e. Head up or head down f. Nothing special g. Others, please describe

7 You need to reconstruct a thick hepatic vein. Which graft do you use? a. External iliac vein graft b. Prosthetic vein graft c. Internal jugular vein d. From gonadal vein, making a thick graft e. From great saphenous vein, making a thick graft f. Cryopreserved vein graft g. Others, please describe