TABLE 5. Studies of community-dwelling populations having a diagnosis of sarcopenia or frailty and QoL assessment.
Population | Diagnosis of Sarcopenia/Frailty | QOL | Results | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sayer et al. (2006) [114] England |
N = 2,987; aged 59–73 years, mean age = 66.6 years; 47% of the cohort were women. |
Sarcopenia: grip strength (mean values were: 44.0 ± 7.5kg for men and 26.5 ± 5.8kg for women) |
SF-36 |
Men Women |
Decreased grip strength correlated with: poor PH and GH poor PH, GH,RP, VT and BP |
||
Masel et al. (2009) [122] USA (Hispanic population) |
N = 1008; aged 74 years and older, mean age = 82.3 ± 4.3 years; 63% women; 40% overweight, 26% obese. |
Frailty (Fried criteria) | SF-36 |
Robust Pre-frail Frail |
Pop 26% 54% 20% |
QOL Physical 44 ± 10 36 ± 12 29 ± 10 |
QOL Mental (subscores) 58 ± 6 54 ± 11 47 ± 13 |
Bilotta et al. (2010) [93] Italy |
N = 239; mean age = 81.5 ± 6.3 years; 67% women; 4.3 chronic diseases; 5.4 drugs/day; 26% had depression/dementia. |
Frailty using the 3 criteria from Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (weight loss, exhaustion & 5 times chair rise exercise) |
OPQOL |
Robust Pre-frail Frail |
Pop 30% 37% 33% |
OPQOL total score 126 ± 13 116 ± 14 107 ± 13 |
|
Lin et al. (2011) [123] Taiwan |
N = 933; 38% aged 65-70 years; 25% aged 71-75yr, 37% aged >75yrs; 48% women. |
Frailty (Fried criteria) | SF-36 |
Robust Pre-frail Frail |
Pop 47% 44% 10% |
QOL Physical 50 (SE 0.5) 48 (SE 0.5) 43 (SE 0.8) |
QOL Mental (subscores) 56 (SE 0.6) 54 (SE 0.6) 53 (SE 0.9) |
Chang et al. (2012) [124] Taiwan |
N = 374; mean age = 74.6 ± 6.3 years; 53% women; 16% with fall in previous year; number of comorbidities = 1.4 ± 1.2; |
Frailty (Fried criteria) and using TGUG for slowness criterion (lowest 20%) |
SF-36 |
Robust Pre-frail Frail |
Pop 31% 63% 6% |
QOL Physical 49 ± 8 48 ± 8 40 ± 8 |
QOL Mental (subscores) 57 ± 8 52 ± 9 43 ± 12 |
Kull et al. (2012) [125] Estonia |
N = 227; aged 40-70 years, mean age = 55 years; 53% women. |
Sarcopenia: hand-grip strength < 6.5kg/cm2 F / < 24.4kg/cm2 M; or ALM using DXA < 4.87kg/m2 F / < 6.60kg/m2 M (BMD also measured) |
SF-36 |
(sub) Normal Sarcopen Osteopen ‘Sarco-os-’ |
Pop 53% 14% 39% 7% |
QOL Physical 50 na 50 47 |
QOL Mental 48 na 49 42 |
Gobbens et al. (2012) [126] Netherlands |
N = 484; aged 75 years and older; N = 336 at 1 year follow-up; N = 266 at 2 years follow-up. |
Frailty assessed according to the Tilburg Frailty Indicator at baseline |
WHOQOL -BREF QLSI |
Medium to very large associations of frailty with advers outcomes and poor QOL 1 or 2 years later. |
|||
Langlois et al. (2012) [127] Canada |
N = 83 (39 frail + 44 non-frail | Frailty assessed using a geriatric examination and scored using the Modified Physical Performance Test |
QLSI | Frail elders reported poor self-perception of physical capacity, cognition, affectivity, housekeeping efficacy, and physical health. |
Notes: All studies were of community dwelling individuals; all studies except Gobbens et al were cross-sectional; unless stated patients were at least 65 years old for inclusion
Abbreviations: ALM: appendicular lean mass; BMD: bone mineral density, BP: bodily pain; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; GH: general health, na: not available; PH: physical health; Pop: population; QLSI: Quality of Life Systemic Inventory Questionnaire; RP role physical; VT: vitality.