Table 3.
Distributions of participants across the three stages of health behavior change before and after the intervention
| Intervention Group | Comparison Group | Between group difference at baseline | Between group difference at 6 month | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 month | Change | pa | Baseline | 6 month | Change | pa | pb | pb | |
| n (%) | n (%) | % | n (%) | n (%) | % | |||||
| Portion control | 0.933 | 0.021 | ||||||||
| PC | 8 (7.3) | 7 (7.1) | –0.2 | 1.000 | 5 (6.2) | 6 (7.4) | 1.2 | 1.000 | ||
| C/PR | 86 (78.2) | 56 (57.1) | –21.1 | <0.001 | 65 (80.2) | 61 (75.3) | –4.9 | 0.523 | ||
| A/M | 16 (14.5) | 35 (35.7) | 21.2 | 0.003 | 11 (13.6) | 14 (17.3) | 3.7 | 0.581 | 0.882c | 0.027c |
| n | 110 (100.0) | 98 (100.0) | 81 (100.0) | 81 (100.0) | ||||||
| Balanced diet | 0.713 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| PC | 3 (2.7) | 7 (7.1) | 4.4 | 0.344 | 4 (5.0) | 2 (2.4) | –2.6 | 0.687 | ||
| C/PR | 46 (41.8) | 19 (19.2) | –22.6 | <0.001 | 33 (41.3) | 41 (50.0) | 8.7 | 0.280 | ||
| A/M | 61 (55.5) | 73 (73.7) | 18.2 | 0.162 | 43 (53.8) | 39 (47.6) | –6.2 | 0.643 | 0.831c | 0.018c |
| n | 110 (100.0) | 99 (100.0) | 80 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | ||||||
| Low fat diet | <0.001 | 0.061 | ||||||||
| PC | 5 (4.6) | 16 (16.3) | 11.7 | 0.027 | 25 (31.3) | 20 (24.4) | –6.9 | 0.458 | ||
| C/PR | 91 (83.5) | 51 (52.0) | –31.5 | <0.001 | 45 (56.3) | 48 (58.5) | 2.2 | 0.760 | ||
| A/M | 13 (11.9) | 31 (31.6) | 19.7 | 0.003 | 10 (12.5) | 14 (17.1) | 4.6 | 0.481 | 0.883c | 0.090c |
| n | 109 (100.0) | 98 (100.0) | 80 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | ||||||
| Fruit and vegetable intake | 0.390 | 0.012 | ||||||||
| PC | 0 (0.0) | 9 (9.0) | 9.0 | 0.004 | 1 (1.2) | 10 (12.2) | 11.0 | 0.012 | ||
| C/PR | 91 (82.0) | 36 (36.0) | –46.0 | <0.001 | 63 (76.8) | 45 (54.9) | –21.9 | 0.006 | ||
| A/M | 20 (18.0) | 55 (55.0) | 37.0 | <0.001 | 18 (22.0) | 27 (32.9) | 10.9 | 0.151 | 0.459c | 0.028c |
| n | 111 (100.0) | 100 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | ||||||
| Physical activity | <0.001 | 0.066 | ||||||||
| PC | 14 (12.5) | 12 (12.1) | –0.4 | 0.832 | 39 (47.6) | 18 (22.0) | –25.6 | <0.001 | ||
| C/PR | 88 (78.6) | 66 (66.7) | –11.9 | 0.002 | 40 (48.8) | 55 (67.1) | 18.3 | 0.025 | ||
| A/M | 10 (8.9) | 21 (21.2) | 12.3 | 0.019 | 3 (3.7) | 9 (11.0) | 7.3 | 0.109 | 0.151c | 0.140c |
| n | 112 (100.0) | 99 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | ||||||
aMcNemar test; bChi-square test for overall differences; cChi-square test for between group differences in A/M stage.
PC = precontemplation stage; C/PR = contemplation and preparation stage; A/M = action and maintenance stage; MetS = metabolic syndrome.