Fig. 5.

TNF-α and IL-1β decreases nuclear expression of FOXO3a in astrocytes. After 6 h of starvation, cells were treated with TNF-α and IL-1β in condition medium (2% FBS in DMEM/F12) or culture medium (10% FBS in DMEM/F12) for 24 h and then stained with FOXO3a (red) and Ki67 (green). DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear marker. A-D, control. E-H, TNF-α and IL-1β treatment. I-L, 10% FBS in DMEM/F12. M, FOXO3a-positive nuclei were manually counted as the percent of DAPI-positive nuclei. Two hundred or more cells were counted for each group. **, p < 0.01. Data are representative of three donors.