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Calculated values. There were increases (n = 10 students) in stroke volume, stroke work, cardiac output, cardiac index, and our estimate of myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇o2). These all indicate that venous return has increased. Total peripheral resistance fell, although there must be some error in this calculation since we estimated right atrial pressure as zero. Be that as it may, the error is small since atrial pressure was numerically small.
