Table 1.
Patient and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation characteristics
| Variable | All patients | ECPR | Non-ECPR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-RR-ECMO (n=79) | RR-ECMO (n=65) | P Value | Pre-RR-ECMO (n=17) | RR-ECMO (n=14) | P Value | Pre-RR-ECMO (n=62) | RR-ECMO (n=51) | P Value | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| - Age (mos) | 0.13 [0.07–1.48] | 0.36 [0.07–4.24] | 0.17 | 0.92 [0.33–7.04] | 1.50 [0.76–47.0] | 0.27 | 0.09 [0.03–0.36] | 0.20 [0.03–3.65] | 0.20 |
| - Weight (kg) | 3.3 [2.7–4.0] | 3.5 [3.1–5.5] | 0.12 | 4.0 [3.3–6.9] | 3.9 [3.3–13.2] | 0.61 | 3.3 [2.7–4.0] | 3.5 [3.0–5.0] | 0.11 |
| - Female | 32 (41%) | 28 (43%) | 0.76 | 7 (41%) | 7 (50%) | 0.62 | 25 (40%) | 21 (41%) | 0.93 |
| Diagnosis | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.72 | ||||||
| - Pre-/non-operative heart disease | 16 (20%) | 19 (29%) | 3 (18%) | 5 (36%) | 13 (21%) | 14 (27%) | |||
| - Post-operative congenital heart surgery | 27 (34%) | 16 (25%) | 14 (82%) | 6 (43%) | 13 (21%) | 10 (20%) | |||
| - Respiratory | 36 (46%) | 30 (46%) | 0 | 3 (21%) | 36 (58%) | 27 (53%) | |||
| Non-cardiac structural/chromosomal abnormality | 24 (30%) | 17 (26%) | 0.58 | 6 (35%) | 4 (29%) | 0.69 | 18 (29%) | 13 (25%) | 0.68 |
| Indication | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.43 | ||||||
| - Respiratory | 46 (58%) | 35 (54%) | 3 (18%) | 3 (21%) | 43 (69%) | 32 (63%) | |||
| - Arrhythmia | 11 (14%) | 6 (9%) | 10 (59%) | 3 (21%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (6%) | |||
| - Cardiogenic shock | 22 (28%) | 24 (37%) | 4 (24%) | 8 (57%) | 18 (29%) | 16 (31%) | |||
| ECPR | 17 (22%) | 14 (22%) | 1 | 17 (100%) | 14 (100%) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| - Duration of CPR (min) | 68 ± 45 (31–187) | 51 ± 19 (30–99) | 0.32 | ||||||
| - CPR duration < 60 minutes | 9 (53%) | 11 (79%) | 0.14 | ||||||
| Cannulation site | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.98 | ||||||
| - Neck | 51 (65%) | 43 (66%) | 5 (29%) | 5 (36%) | 46 (74%) | 38 (75%) | |||
| - Chest | 26 (33%) | 17 (26%) | 12 (71%) | 6 (43%) | 14 (23%) | 11 (22%) | |||
| - Groin | 2 (3%) | 5 (8%) | 0 | 3 (21%) | 2 (3%) | 2 (4%) | |||
| pre-ECMO acidosis | |||||||||
| - Arterial pH | 7.31 ± 0.18 (6.81–7.85) | 7.23 ± 0.19 (6.74–7.67) | 0.007 | 7.26 ± 0.30 (6.81–7.85) | 7.15 ± 0.20 (6.80–7.39) | 0.16 | 7.32 ± 0.13 (7.01–7.57) | 7.26 ± 0.18 (6.74–7.67) | 0.02 |
| - Base excess | −3.1 ± 7.9 (−25, +29) | −4.9 ± 8.2 (−30, +14) | 0.20 | −4.3 ± 12.9 (−25, +29) | −5.3 ± 10.7 (−28, +11) | 0.94 | −2.8 ± 5.9 (−22, +9) | −4.8 ± 7.5 (−30, +14) | 0.12 |
| Peak lactate (mmol/L) | 11.2 ± 6.8 (0.9–27) | 11.5 ± 6.4 (1.9–36) | 0.63 | 16.9 ± 6.1 (5.3–27) | 17.8 ± 6.5 (10–36) | 0.89 | 9.6 ± 6.1 (0.9–25) | 9.8 ± 5.2 (1.9–23) | 0.59 |
| Duration of ECMO (days) | 8.6 ± 5.1 (0.7–22.3) | 10.6 ± 8.9 (0.4–39.6) | 0.70 | 7.8 ± 5.3 (0.7–20.0) | 8.6 ± 10.1 (0.4–35.0) | 0.38 | 8.8 ± 5.1 (1.5–22.3) | 11.2 ± 8.6 (0.5–39.6) | 0.37 |
Values expressed as median [interquartile range], mean ± standard deviation (range), or number (percent). ECPR = extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; RR-ECMO = rapid-response extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.