Table 2. Studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ref #	Author	Year	Years Conducted	Country	Study Sample Size	Study Type	Setting	Urban or Rural	Timing of EOS Diagnosis	Antibiotic Use	Specialized Population	WHO Regiona	Neonatal Mortality Rate (per 1,000 Live Births)	Income (USD)
96	Barcaite	2012	2006–2007	Lithuania	998	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	3	11,390
26	Chemsi	2012	2009–2011	Morocco	99	Case-control	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Unknown	All	EMR	20	2,850
28	Emamghorashi	2012	2010	Iran	114	Case-control	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EMR	19	2,500
100	Huang	2012	2005	Taiwan	92	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	WPR	4	41,385
29	Kovo	2012	2007–2009	Israel	120	Case-control	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	2	27,170
47	Lee	2012	2005–2010	Hong Kong	212	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	WPR	1	51,490
62	Tudela	2012	2000–2008	USA	143,384	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
64	Wojkowska	2012	2009	Poland	910	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	>7 days	Used	All	EUR	4	12,440
66	Kordek	2011	n/a	Poland	286	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	4	12,440
75	Kunze	2011	Jan–Dec 2004	Germany	869	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	2	43,110
57	Puopolo	2011	1993–2007	USA	1,413	Nested case-control	Multi-center	Unknown	≤7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
99	Bourgeois-Nicolaos	2010	Jan 2004–Dec 2004	France	1,139	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	2	42,390
56	Dutta	2010	n/a	India	728	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	Preterm	SEAR	34	1,330
74	Faro	2010	Jan 2003–Dec 2004	USA	2,108	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
48	Kasper	2010	June 2001	Austria	118	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	Preterm	EUR	2	47,060
95	Seoud	2010	Feb 2004–Sep 2004	Lebanon	779	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	>7 days	Used	All	EMR	7	8,880
101	Tameliene	2010	2006–2007	Lithuania	970	Cohort	Health facility	Unknown	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	3	11,390
94	Elzbieta	2009	Jan 2008–Mar 2008	Poland	100	Cohort	Health facility	Unknown	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	4	12,440
98	Pinter	2009	Jun–Dec 2005	USA	317	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	AMR	4	47,390
31	Andrews	2008	Jul 2003–Jun 2006	USA	5,732	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	AMR	4	47,390
46	Goldenberg	2008	1996–2001	USA	351	Cohort	Health facility	Unknown	≤7 days	Unknown	Preterm	AMR	4	47,390
73	Namavar Jahromi	2008	Apr–Sep 2003	Iran	1,197	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EMR	19	2,500
93	Lijoi	2007	Nov 2003–Nov 2004	Italy	2,158	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	All	EUR	2	35,150
21	Muthusami	2007	May 2006–Jul 2006	India	77	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	SEAR	34	1,330
17	Kalinka	2006	May 2001–Dec 2002	Poland	120	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	All	EUR	4	12,440
65	Kordek	2006	n/a	Poland	46	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	Preterm or PROM	EUR	4	12,440
19	Kunze	2006	Jan 2011–Dec 2002	Germany	1,438	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	2	43,110
92	Eren	2005	May 2000–Jan 2001	Turkey	500	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	Other	EUR	12	9,890
55	Ronnestad	2005	1999–2000	Norway	119,611	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	≤7 days	Used	Preterm	EUR	2	84,290
102	Kafetzis	2004	Jun 2000–Dec 2001	Greece	251	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	2	26,940
91	Tsolia	2003	Jan 2000–May 2000	Greece	1,014	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	2	26,940
63	Dollner	2002	1999	Norway	221	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	2	84,290
90	El-Kersh	2002	Jan 1963–Jul 1965	Saudi Arabia	217	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	All	EMR	12	16,720
30	Oddie	2002	Apr 1988–Mar 2000	UK	62,786	Case-control	Multi-center	Unknown	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	3	38,370
24	Vergani	2002	1991–1994	USA	32,630	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	All	AMR	4	47,390
80	Volumenie	2001	Jan 1994–Sep 1996	France	5,374	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Used	All	EUR	2	42,390
78	Ma	2000	Dec 1997–Dec 1998	China	768	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	WPR	11	4,270
45	Yoon	2000	n/a	South Korea	315	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	Preterm	WPR	2	17,890
27	Cukrowska	1999	n/a	Czech Republic	148	Case-control	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	Preterm	EUR	2	17,890
89	Hickman	1999	Jan 1994–Feb 1995	USA	546	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
61	Mercer	1999	Jul 1997–Feb 1998	USA	8,474	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
72	Piper	1999	Jan 1992–Jun 1994	USA	1,046	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
25	Bhutta	1997	Jan 1990–Dec 1993	Pakistan	38	Case-control	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EMR	42	1,050
79	Mercer	1997	Feb 1992–Jan 1995	USA	1,867	Cohort	Multi-center	Unknown	≤7 days	Not used	PPROM	AMR	4	47,390
54	Papantoniou	1997	Feb 1993–Jun 1994	Greece	32	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Used	PPROM	EUR	2	26,940
88	Sensini	1997	Mar 1993–Sep 1995	Italy	2,300	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	2	35,150
77	Itakura	1996	Jul 1987–Dec 1992	Japan	1,280	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	WPR	1	41,850
97	Mitsuda	1996	Jul 1991–Jun 1992	Japan	466	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	WPR	1	41,850
71	Regan	1996	1984–1989	USA	13,646	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	>7 days	Not used	All	AMR	4	47,390
43	Averbuch	1995	n/a	Israel	90	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Unknown	PPROM	EUR	2	27,170
44	Matsuda	1995	Feb–Oct 1992	Japan	41	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Unknown	Preterm	WPR	1	41,850
60	Rosemond	1995	Jun 1989–Dec 1993	USA	224	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Used	PPROM	AMR	4	47,390
86	Ayata	1994	n/a	Turkey	114	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	12	9,890
53	de Araujo	1994	1991	Brazil	223	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	AMR	12	9,390
42	Gauthier	1994	n/a	USA	225	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Not used	PPROM	AMR	4	47,390
16	Pylipow	1994	Jan 1991–Sep 1992	USA	2,040	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
87	Suara	1994	May 1992–Feb 1993	Gambia	196	Cohort	Health facility	Unknown	≤7 days	Unknown	All	AFR	32	7,740
52	Puchner	1993	n/a	Austria	80	Cohort	Unknown	Unknown	>7 days	Not used	All	EUR	2	47,060
70	Burman	1992	n/a	Sweden	4,559	Cohort	Multi-center	Unknown	>7 days	Not used	All	EUR	2	50,110
6	Ayengar	1991	n/a	India	1,792	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	SEAR	34	1,330
51	Dudley	1991	Feb 1988–Jul 1990	Australia	81	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	PPROM	WPR	3	46,320
69	Towers	1990	Jan 1989–Jul 1989	USA	131	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Used	Preterm or PROM	AMR	4	47,390
85	Kollee	1989	Apr 1986–Jan 1987	Netherlands	632	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	3	49,050
20	Morales	1989	Jan 1 1986–Mar 1988	USA	212	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	>7 days	Not used	PPROM	AMR	4	47,390
59	Newton	1989	Apr–Dec 1986	USA	2,908	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
23	Tuppurainen	1989	Dec 1983–Jan 1986	Finland	8,977	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	All	EUR	2	47,720
18	Kishore	1987	n/a	India	109	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	All	SEAR	34	1,330
41	Feinstein	1986	Jul 1983–Apr 1985	USA	146	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Not used	PROM	AMR	4	47,390
84	Liang	1986	Sep 1983–Mar 1984	Hong Kong	168	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	All	WPR	1	51,490
22	Persson	1986	Sep 1983–Oct 1984	Sweden	1,786	Nested case-control	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	All	EUR	2	50,110
76	Bobitt	1985	n/a	USA	937	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
40	Broekhuizen	1985	Jul 1981–Dec 1983	USA	53	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Unknown	PPROM	AMR	4	47,390
50	McGrady	1985	1980–1981	USA	1,342	Cohort	Multi-center	Mixed	>7 days	Unknown	All	AMR	4	47,390
83	Visconti	1985	Apr 1980–Jan 1983	Italy	1,516	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	>7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	2	35,150
82	Weintraub	1983	n/a	Israel	385	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	2	27,170
68	Christensen	1982	Nov 1979–Jun 1980	Sweden	300	Cohort	Health facility	Unknown	≤7 days	Unknown	All	EUR	2	50,110
39	Pass	1982	Jul 1977–Jun 1980	USA	68	Cohort	Multi-center	Urban	>7 days	Used	All	AMR	4	47,390
58	Wilson	1982	Sep 1978–Aug 1980	USA	143	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Used	PPROM	AMR	4	47,390
67	Boyer	1981	Sep 1977–Apr 1979	USA	924	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Not used	Preterm or PROM	AMR	4	47,390
81	Merenstein	1980	n/a	USA	1,815	Cohort	Unknown	Unknown	≤7 days	Not used	All	AMR	4	47,390
103	Tafari	1979	1975–1978	Ethiopia	1,351	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	≤7 days	Unknown	All	AFR	36	390
38	Bobitt	1977	Oct 1974–May 1975	USA	12	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Unknown	Preterm or PROM	AMR	4	47,390
49	Elder	1971	n/a	USA	9,156	Cohort	Health facility	Urban	>7 days	Not used	All	AMR	4	47,390

^aWHO regions: AFR: Africa; AMR: Americas; EMR: Eastern Mediterrean; EUR: Europe; SEAR: Southeast Asia; WPR: Western Pacific.