Table 3.

Neighborhood-level associations with BMI z-score from linear regression models in a population of 11,562 children enrolled in a large means-tested preschool program in October 2004, New York City, NY

Neighborhood characteristic	Full Sample	Females	Males
	N=11,562	N=5,857	N=5,705
	β [95% CI]	β [95% CI]	β [95% CI]
Percent poverty	−0.10** [−0.16,−0.03]	−0.08 [−0.16,0.00]	−0.12* [−0.21,−0.02]
Percent black	−0.05 [−0.11,−0.02]	−0.03 [−0.10,0.05]	−0.07 [−0.18,0.04]
Percent foreign-born	−0.01 [−0.07,0.06]	−0.04 [−0.09,0.02]	0.02 [−0.07,0.12]
Walkability Index	0.00 [−0.06,0.07]	−0.04 [−0.12,0.03]	0.05 [−0.05,0.15]
Percent area covered by small parks	−0.01 [−0.03,0.01]	−0.00 [−0.03,0.02]	−0.01 [−0.04,0.02]
Percent area covered by large parks	−0.006 [−0.05,0.03]	−0.04 [−0.09,0.01]	0.03 [−0.03,0.09]
Density of street trees	−0.02 [−0.08,0.03]	−0.03 [−0.10.0.03]	−0.01 [−0.09,0.07]
Homicide rate	0.13*** [0.06,0.20]	0.11 [−0.00,0.23]	0.16*** [0.04,0.27]
Pedestrian-auto fatalities	−0.01 [−0.06,0.03]	−0.00 [−0.05,0.05]	−0.02 [−0.09,0.04]

Notes: Values shown are from models adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age in months, and all neighborhood characteristics shown; neighborhood characteristics were measured for postal ZIP code plus a 400-m buffer surrounding the ZIP code, and these have been rescaled to have an interquartile range of 1