Table 1.
Prevalence, cure rates, infection intensities, and egg reduction rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm at baseline and 1-month follow-up among 194 children from Yunnan, P.R. China, from October 2011 to May 2012, stratified by treatment groups
| Baseline (Oct 2011) | 1-month follow-up (Dec 2011) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triple-dose albendazole (N* = 99) | Placebo (N* = 95) | Triple-dose albendazole (N* = 99) | Placebo (N* = 95) | ||
| n† (%) | n† (%) | n† (%) | n† (%) | P-value‡ | |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | |||||
| Prevalence | 94 (95.0) | 87 (91.6) | 8 (8.1) | 89 (93.7) | < 0.001 |
| New positives at 1-month follow-up | n.a. | n.a. | 0 | 5 | |
| Cure rate§ (% [95% CI]) | n.a. | n.a. | 91.5 (83.9–96.3) | 3.4 (0.7–9.7) | |
| Difference between albendazole and placebo cure rates (% [95% CI]) | n.a. | n.a. | 88.1 (81.3–94.9) | Reference | < 0.001 |
| Infection intensity¶ | |||||
| Mean EPG∥ (95% CI) | 15,850 (10,834–23,189) | 19,101 (13,198–27,644) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 21,001 (12,835–34,362) | < 0.001 |
| Light (1–4,999) | 13 (13.1) | 15 (15.8) | 7 (7.1) | 13 (13.7) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate (5,000–49,999) | 54 (54.6) | 49 (51.6) | 1 (1.0) | 45 (47.4) | |
| Heavy (≥ 50,000) | 27 (27.3) | 23 (24.2) | n.r. | 31 (32.6) | |
| Egg reduction rate (% [95% CI]**) | n.a. | n.a. | > 99.9 (96.2–100) | n.a. | |
| Trichuris trichiura | |||||
| Prevalence | 92 (92.9) | 91 (95.8) | 74 (74.8) | 92 (96.8) | < 0.001 |
| New positives at 1-month follow-up | n.a. | n.a. | 0 | 1 | |
| Cure rate§ (% [95% CI]) | n.a. | n.a. | 19.6 (12.0–29.1) | 0 | |
| Difference between albendazole and placebo cure rates (% [95% CI]) | n.a. | n.a. | 19.6 (11.5–27.7) | Reference | < 0.001 |
| Infection intensity¶ | |||||
| Mean EPG∥ (95% CI) | 216.3 (160.2–292.0) | 284.4 (207.2–390.4) | 24.3 (16.2–36.3) | 304.7 (227.4–408.3) | < 0.001 |
| Light (1–999) | 82 (82.8) | 76 (80.0) | 73 (73.7) | 73 (76.8) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate (1,000–9,999) | 9 (9.1) | 15 (15.8) | 1 (1.0) | 18 (19.0) | |
| Heavy (≥ 10,000) | 1 (1.0) | n.r. | n.r. | 1 (1.1) | |
| Egg reduction rate (% [95% CI]**) | n.a. | n.a. | 88.8 (80.9–94.7) | n.a. | |
| Hookworm | |||||
| Prevalence | 60 (60.6) | 59 (62.1) | 2 (2.0) | 57 (60.0) | < 0.001 |
| New positives at 1-month follow-up | n.a. | n.a. | 0 | 6 | |
| Cure rate§ (% [95% CI]) | n.a. | n.a. | 96.7 (88.5–99.6) | 13.6 (6.0–25.0) | |
| Difference between albendazole and placebo cure rates (% [95% CI]) | n.a. | n.a. | 83.1 (73.3–92.9) | Reference | < 0.001 |
| Infection intensity¶ | |||||
| Mean EPG∥ (95% CI) | 130.4 (93.3–182.2) | 121.5 (86.7–170.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 62.2 (37.7–102.6) | < 0.001 |
| Light (1–1,999) | 59 (59.6) | 58 (61.1) | 2 (2.0) | 57 (60.0) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate (2,000–3,999) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | n.r. | n.r. | |
| Heavy (≥ 4,000) | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | |
| Egg reduction rate (% [95% CI]**) | n.a. | n.a. | 99.1 (91.1–100) | 48.8 (35.9–62.5) | < 0.001 |
*
N = total sample size.
†
n = number of infected individuals.
‡
P-values are calculated using χ2, two-sample test of proportions or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate.
§
Cure rate excludes newly infected at first follow-up.
¶
Stratified according to WHO guidelines.
∥
Geometric mean among those infected at baseline.
**
Calculated by bootstrap resampling among those infected at baseline.
CI = confidence interval; EPG = eggs per gram of stool; n.a. = not applicable; n.r. = not represented.