Table 3.

Percentage cases by type of illness and referral, by measurement method, Malawi^*

Illness or referral	Direct observation with re-examination (n = 382)		Direct observation only (n = 382)		Register review (n = 1,219)
	%	95% CI	%	95% CI	%	95% CI
Uncomplicated illness
Fast breathing	15	11–19	21	16–27	32	27–37
Fever	63	58–69	59	53–65	75	72–79
Diarrhea	25	21–29	23	19–27	19	16–22
Severe illness
Fast breathing	5	3–7	6	3–8	0.2	0–0.4
Fever	13	10–17	12	8–16	0.5	0–1
Diarrhea	4	2–6	4	2–6	0.1	0–0.2
No. uncomplicated illnesses†
1	74	69–78	75	70–80	92	89–99
2	29	24–33	28	23–33	34	29–38
3	3	1–5	7	0.3–2.8	1	0.5–2
Referrals‡
Fast breathing	20	71–90	19	10–27	1	0–3
Fever	21	15–26	19	14–25	2	0.3–4
Diarrhea	19	12–27	22	14–31	3	0.6–6

^*CI = confidence interval. Case scenarios were designed by investigators as described in the text and included cases of fast breathing, fever, and diarrhea.

^†One classification includes either fast breathing, fever, or diarrhea. Two is any combination of two of these illnesses per child; three is all three illnesses. Danger signs excluded.

^‡Children referred for any reason.