Table 6.
Misuse of antibiotics and antimalarial drugs, by method, Malawi*
| Feature | Misuse of antibiotics and antimalarial drugs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No fast breathing, received cotrimoxazole | Cough (no fast breathing), received cotrimoxazole | No fever, received AL | ||
| Direct observation with re-examination | No. | 272 | 113 | 64 |
| % Detected (95% CI) | 24 (17–31) | 48 (36–60) | 3 (0–8) | |
| Direct observation only | No. | 247 | 84 | 80 |
| % Detected (95% CI) | 6 (2–9) | 16 (6–25) | 2 (0–6) | |
| Difference in % points from DO with RE | –18 | –32 | –1 | |
| P† | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.869 | |
| Register review | No | 791 | 125 | 273 |
| % Detected (95% CI) | 18 (13–23) | 73 (59–87) | 5 (3–8) | |
| Difference in % points from DO with RE | –6 | +25 | +2 | |
| P† | 0.192 | < 0.001 | 0.746 | |
| Case scenarios | No. | 131 | NA | 131 |
| % Detected (95% CI) | 2 (0-5) | NA | 9 (4–14) | |
| Difference in % points from DO with RE | –22 | NA | +6 | |
| P† | < 0.001 | NA | 0.15 | |
*
AL = artemether/lumefantrine; CI = confidence interval; DO = direct observation; RE = re-examination; NA = no case scenarios tested this classification or combination of classifications.
†
P value represents chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test as appropriate, for difference in proportions of the method to direct observation with re-examination adjusting for health surveillance assistant clustering.