Table 2. Multivariable-Adjusted Regression Analysis for Cross-Sectional Associations of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Presence of Definite ER at Each Examination.

	Odds Ratio (95% CI)*
	Year 0 (n = 941)	Year 7 (n = 397)	Year 20 (n = 119)
Age, yrs	0.88 (0.80–0.96)	0.86 (0.73–1.00)	1.19 (0.94–1.51)
Black race	2.72 (2.24–3.30)	3.57 (2.46–5.18)	8.07 (4.66–13.99)
Female	0.09 (0.07–0.12)	0.10 (0.06–0.18)	0.12 (0.06–0.24)
Systolic BP, mm Hg	1.10 (0.99–1.23)	1.22 (0.97–1.53)	0.81 (0.54–1.21)
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	0.93 (0.84–1.03)	1.06 (0.85–1.32)	1.64 (1.08–2.50)
Body mass index, kg/m2	0.75 (0.65–0.86)	0.57 (0.43–0.76)	0.65 (0.42–1.00)
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	1.10 (0.99–1.21)	1.14 (0.94–1.39)	1.06 (0.84–1.35)
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	0.95 (0.81–1.2)	0.77 (0.61–0.97)
Insulin, μm/ml	0.95 (0.85–1.06)	1.26 (0.94–1.68)	0.86 (0.56–1.32)
Exercise duration, s	1.10 (0.98–1.24)	1.32 (1.02–1.66)	1.46 (1.05–2.02)
Heart rate, beats/min	0.76 (0.69–0.85)	0.79 (0.65–0.97)	0.68 (0.52–0.88)
QT index	0.87 (0.79–0.96)	0.86 (0.72–1.03)	0.70 (0.56–0.89)
QRS duration, ms	1.59 (1.45–1.74)	1.60 (1.36–1.89)	1.09 (0.84–1.42)
Cornell voltage, mV	0.89 (0.81–0.97)	0.74 (0.63–0.87)	0.40 (0.31–0.52)
Smoker	1.26 (1.04–1.52)	1.38 (0.96–2.0)	1.11 (0.63–1.95)
Treatment for hypertension	0.95 (0.49–1.83)	0.88 (0.34–2.26)	0.83 (0.38–1.80)
Treatment for diabetes†	1.44 (0.53–3.93)	1.58 (0.51–4.87)	0.46 (0.11–2.00)

^*Odds ratios for all continuous variables standardized to 1 SD (e.g., for an odds ratio of 3.5 for systolic BP, the odds of having ER were 3.5 times higher per SD of systolic BP among participants at that exam visit). Statistically significant findings are indicated in bold.

^†Defined as self-reported “yes” or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl.

Abbreviations as in Table 1.