Table 3.
Stratified Analysis for Intervention Components for RCTs with African-American Heterosexuals.
| OR (95% CI, no. of trials) Unprotected Sex |
OR (95% CI, no. of trials) Incident STD |
|
|---|---|---|
| Overall: | 0.75 (0.68, 0.84, k = 35) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.03, k = 10) |
|
| ||
| Population Characteristics |
||
|
| ||
| % African American | ||
| 100% a | 0.73 (0.66, 0.82, k = 23) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.04, k = 7) |
| 80-99% | 0.80 (0.63, 1.03, k = 12) | 0.95 (0.70, 1.30, k = 3) |
|
| ||
| Specifically targeting youth: |
||
| Yes | 0.67 (0.51, 0.89, k = 9) | --- |
| No | 0.77 (0.69, 0.86, k = 26) | 0.87, (0.73, 1.04, k = 9) |
|
| ||
| Specifically targeting drug users: |
||
| Yes | 0.67 (0.52, 0.87, k = 10) | --- |
| No | 0.77 (0.68, 0.87, k = 25) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.03, k = 10) |
|
| ||
| Gender: | ||
| Male only | 0.77 (0.59, 1.00, k = 6) | 0.99, (0.58, 1.71, k = 2) |
| Female only | 0.70 (0.59, 0.83, k = 14) | 0.67 (0.44, 1.01, k = 5) |
| Mixed | 0.78 (0.66, 0.92, k = 15) | 0.96, (0.79, 1.16, k = 3) |
|
| ||
| Design and Assessment: | ||
|
| ||
| Reporting of RCT (reporting some combination of RCT components, retention rates, or power) |
||
| Reported 0 | 0.90 (0.70, 1.16, k = 5) | 0.92 (0.63, 1.34, k = 2) |
| Reported 1-3 | 0.75 (0.63, 0.89, k = 17) | ---- |
| Reported 4-7 | 0.70 (0.58, 0.84, k = 13) | 0.85,(0.67, 1.09, k = 7) |
|
| ||
| Comparison group received HIV-related intervention component |
||
| Yes | 0.83 (0.75, 0.93, k = 24) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03, k=9) |
| No | 0.60 (0.48, 0.72, k =11) | -- |
|
| ||
| Participation rate | ||
| < 70% | 0.73 (0.56, 0.96, k = 7) | 0.83 (0.62, 1.09, k = 3) |
| => 70% | 0.71 (0.61, 0.83, k = 13) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.14, k = 7) |
|
| ||
| Retention rate | ||
| < 70% | 0.82 (0.68, 0.99, k = 9) | 0.98, (0.78, 1.24, k = 4) |
| 70% - 79% | 0.77 (0,65, 0.92, k = 14) | 0.74 (0.52, 1.06, k = 3) |
| > 80% | 0.65 (0.52, 0.82, k = 12) | 0.64 (0.33, 1.26, k = 3) |
|
| ||
| Intervention characteristics: |
||
|
| ||
| Culturally tailored | ||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.66, 0.82, k = 23) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.18, k = 5) |
| No | 0.80 (0.63, 1.03, k = 12) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.10, k = 5) |
|
| ||
| Cultural Tailoring Aspects: |
||
| Ethnically matched deliverer |
||
| Yes | 0.69 (0.55, 0.86, k = 13) | 0.63 (0.38, 1.04, k = 3) |
| No | 0.79 (0.71, 0.89, k = 22) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.14, k = 7) |
| Delivered intervention in minority community |
||
| Yes | 0.75 (0.67, 0.84, k = 30) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07, k = 8) |
| No | 0.72 (0.52, 1.01, k = 5) | 0.80 (0.46, 1.37, k = 2) |
| Reported ethnographic research |
||
| Yes | 0.75 (0.64, 0.88, k=18) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.18, k=5) |
| No | 0.74 (0.63, 0.87, k=17) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.10, k=5) |
|
| ||
| Theory: | ||
| Reported | 0.76 (0.68, 0.84, k = 31) | 0.78 (0.66, 0.94, k = 8) |
| Not Reported | 0.64 (0.36, 1.14, k = 4) | 1.24 (0.91, 1.68, k = 2) |
|
| ||
| Setting: | ||
| Community | 0.67 (0.47, 0.95, k = 8) | 1.37 (0.85, 2.19, k=1) |
| Clinics | 0.76 (0.66, 0.87, k = 16) | 0.84 (0.70, 1.01, k = 8) |
| Education/Research | 0.80 (0.67, 0.96, k = 11) | 0.57 (0.29, 1.13, k=1) |
|
| ||
| Unit of delivery | ||
| Individual | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94, k = 8) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.24, k = 4) |
| Group | 0.72 (0.62, 0.83, k = 25) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.08, k = 6) |
| Individual and group |
0.63 (0.43, 0.93, k = 2) | ---- |
|
| ||
| Type of delivererb | ||
| Health care provider | 0.68 (0.51, 0.90, k = 6) | ---- |
| Peer | 0.59 (0.40, 0.89, k = 8) | ---- |
| Research staff | 0.78, (0.69, 0.89, k = 17) | 0.76 (0.55, 1.04, k = 4) |
| Counselor | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99, k = 5) | 0.91, (0.71, 1.17, k = 6) |
|
| ||
| Intervention components: |
||
| Skill Training | ||
| No condom skill or interpersonal skill |
0.79 (0.60, 1.06, k = 5) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.14, k = 3) |
| Have either condom or interpersonal skill |
0.73 (0.58, 0.92, k = 11) | 1.00 (0.77, 1,29, k = 3) |
| Have both condom and interpersonal skill |
0.74 (0.64, 0.86, k = 19) | 0.68 (0.47, 0.98, k = 4) |
| Attitude toward condom use |
||
| Yes | 0.71 (0.58, 0.87, k = 24) | 0.86 (0.66, 1.13, k = 4) |
| No | 0.77 (0.68, 0.88, k = 24) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.13, k = 6) |
| Self-efficacy | ||
| Yes | 0.74 (0.64, 0.87, k = 15) | 0.76 (0.56, 1.02, k = 5) |
| No | 0.74 (0.64, 0.88, k = 20) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.20, k = 5) |
| Motivation for protective behavior |
||
| Yes | 0.80 (0.70, 0.90, k = 8) | 0.92 (0.70, 1.20, k = 5) |
| No | 0.72 (0.62, 0.83, k = 26) | 0.81 (0.62, 1.06, k = 5) |
| Social norms | ||
| Yes | 0.51 (0.40, 0.66, k = 8) | 0.57 (0.08, 4.28, k = 2) |
| No | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90, k = 27) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.98, k = 8) |
| Peer education | ||
| Yes | 0.59 (0.40, 0.89, k = 8) | 0.17 (0.03, 0.94, k = 1) |
| No | 0.81 (0.74, 0.87, k = 27) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03, k = 9) |
|
| ||
| Intervention # sessions | ||
| 1 session | 0.87 (0.76, 1.01, k = 10) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.12, k = 4) |
| 2-5 sessions | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89, k = 16) | 0.82 (0.61, 1.11, k = 6) |
| > 5 sessions | 0.59 (0.43, 0.80, k = 8) | --- |
|
| ||
| Intervention time span | ||
| 1 day | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03, k = 8) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.22, k = 3) |
| 2-30 days | 0.67 (0.55, 0.81, k = 14) | 0.78 (0.53, 1.16, k = 5) |
| > 30 days | 0.77 (0.63, 0.94, k = 8) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.19, k = 2) |
|
| ||
| Intervention duration | ||
| <160 minutes | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03, k = 7) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.22, k = 5) |
| 160-400 minutes | 0.78 (0.67, 0.90, k = 12) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.10, k = 2) |
| >400 minutes | 0.62 (0.49, 0.79, k = 12) | 0.64 (0.33, 1.26, k = 3) |
a
Include trials that consisted of 100% African Americans or trials that targeted or focused on African Americans and provided stratified data for African Americans
b
Not mutually exclusive