Table 1. Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of the Study population.
| Variable | T2DM (n = 1145) | NGT (n = 2001) | P |
| Age (years) | 50.5±11.0 | 43.5±11.6 | <0.001 |
| Gender (female/male) (%) | 44.1/55.9 | 41.2/58.8 | 0.116 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1±3.9 | 23.4±3.7 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 9.8±3.0 | 4.8±0.7 | <0.001 |
| 2-h OGTT (mmol/l) | 16.5±4.8 | 6.4±1.1 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (µU/ml) | 10.9±11.0 | 9.9±6.6 | 0.237 |
| Family history of diabetes (no/yes) (%) | 80.2/19.8 | 85.7/14.3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (no/yes) (%) | 56.2/43.8 | 76.6/23.4 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-betaa | 46.9±71.8 | 113.4±65.2 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IRa | 4.4±4.4 | 2.4±1.3 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.5±0.9 | 1.4±0.6 | 0.176 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.7±1.3 | 4.4±0.9 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 2.1±1.6 | 1.5±1.0 | <0.001 |
Data are mean ± SD values.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-beta, homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; NGT, normal-glucose tolerant; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
a
Calculated using fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) and fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) levels.