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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2013 May 29;23(9):558–563. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.011

Table 3.

Pooled multivariate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cumulative alcohol intake and colorectal cancer according to folic acid fortification period among non-users of multivitamins and folic acid supplements

Alcohol (g/d) 0 0.1–4.9 5.0–9.9 10–14.9 15–29.9 30+ P for trend
All (1980/1986–2008)
  No. of cases 314 549 198 171 170 140
  Multivariate RR* 1.00 1.12 (0.97–1.29) 1.04 (0.86–1.25) 1.24 (1.02–1.50) 1.06 (0.87–1.29) 1.36 (1.09–1.70) 0.02
Pre-fortification era (1980/1986–1998)
  No. of cases 215 324 123 114 101 96
  Multivariate RR* 1.00 1.07 (0.83–1.37) 1.03 (0.82–1.30) 1.26 (0.99–1.60) 1.01 (0.78–1.29) 1.31 (1.00–1.71) 0.10
Post-fortification era (1998–2008)
  No. of cases 169 134 66 51 43 28
  Multivariate RR* 1.00 1.04 (0.82–1.32) 1.21 (0.87–1.68) 1.13 (0.56–2.30) 1.11 (0.72–1.70) 1.07 (0.69–1.65) 0.67
*

Multivariate RRs are adjusted for age, gender (combined data only), total pack-years of smoking (<10, 10-<30, 30-<50, 50-<70, 70+), physical activity (quintiles of metabolic equivalent tasks/wk), body mass index (BMI) (<23, 23-<25, 25-<30, 30-<35, and 35+ kg/m2), height (continuous), family history of colorectal cancer in parents and siblings (yes, no), history of endoscopy (yes, no), aspirin use (never, past, current use of 1–2, ≥3 tablets/wk), postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use (only in women; premenopausal, never, past, and current), red meat intake (quintiles), calcium intake from foods (continuous), and total energy intake (continuous)

**

P for heterogeneity by fortification period was 0.44.