Expression of the cco, cox and cyd operons. (a). Expression of the cco, cox and cyd operons by qRT-PCR. Samples were collected at the early exponential phase (E-E), the mid-exponential phase (M-E) and the early stationary phase (E-S) of aerobic cultures and the M-E phase of microaerobic cultures (M-A). Experiments were performed independently at least three times and error bars represent s.d. (b) Upstream sequences of the cco, cox and cyd operons (numbered relative to translation start sites). Transcription starting sites are pointed by dots. Predicted −35 and −10 boxes are in italics and bold lower case, respectively. Predicted Crp- and Fnr-binding sites are in italics and underlined, respectively.