FIG. 4.

Effects of small molecules on DPSC odonto/osteogenesis. (A) DPSCs were pretreated or nonpretreated with small molecules for 5 days before differentiation induction for 4 weeks. (−/−): no pretreatment and no small molecules presence during odonto/osteogenic induction; (+/−): with pretreatment, but no small molecules presence during odonto/osteogenic induction; (+/+): with pretreatment and with small molecules presence during odonto/osteogenic induction; CTRL (control); OSTEO (odonto/osteo induction); SMT (small molecule treatment). Cell cultures were stained with Alizarin Red and representative data are shown in the top panel and the quantitative Alizarin Red measurements are shown in the bottom graph. *Significantly different between treated, odonto/osteogenic induced, and CTRL (ANOVA; P<0.05). (B) qPCR analysis of odonto/osteogenic gene expression of DPSCs under odonto/osteogenic induction treated by small molecules. (C) qPCR analysis of pluripotent gene expression by DPSCs treated with small molecules and underwent odonto/osteogenesis. Data represent two independent experiments each performed in quintuplicate. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/scd