Figure 4. Findings based on investigations of refined pulp.

AFM topography image reconstruction of the formerly bonded area of (a) 1000 revolutions and (b) 2000 revolutions refined pulp. The orange lines highlight the bonded area. Green - single fibrils, Red - fibril bundles, and Blue - cell wall delamination. (c) Force versus distance curve of the bond in (b) representing force discontinuities and (d) classification of force drops presented in (c).