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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 22.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1546–1558. doi: 10.1126/science.1235122

Fig. 8. Signal transduction pathways affected by mutations in human cancer.

Fig. 8

Two representative pathways from Fig. 7 (RAS and PI3K) are illustrated. The signal transducers are color coded: red indicates protein components encoded by the driver genes listed in table S2; yellow balls denote sites of phosphorylation. Examples of therapeutic agents that target some of the signal transducers are shown. RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; MEK, MAPK kinase; ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase; NFkB, nuclear factor κB; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.