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. 2013 Aug 22;9(8):e1003575. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003575

Figure 4. Uge3 is necessary for normal adherence of A. fumigatus hyphae.

Figure 4

(A) Formation of biofilms by hyphae of the indicated strains after 24 h growth on polystyrene plates. After washing, hyphae were stained with crystal violet for visualization. (B) Adherence of germlings of the indicated strains to cell culture treated polystyrene, fibronectin and A549 epithelial cells. (C) Adherence of the Δuge3 strain to cell culture treated polystyrene supplemented with a suspension of GAG or zymosan at the indicated concentrations. (D) Adherence to cell culture treated polystyrene of the Δuge3 strain pre-incubated for 30 min with a suspension of GAG or zymosan at the indicated concentrations. (E) Scanning electron micrographs of hyphae of the indicated strains after 24 h of growth and co-incubation with a suspension of GAG or zymozan for 30 min, when indicated. Magnification was 20,000×. All assays were performed on at least three independent occasions. Graphs indicate mean ± standard error. * indicates a significantly reduced adherence of the Δuge3 mutant as compared with Af293 and uge3-complemented strains (B) or a significantly increased adherence of the uge3 mutant after carbohydrate addition as compared with uge3 mutant alone (C), p<0.05 by factor ANOVA.