Table 3. Univariate analysis of factors associated with schistosomiasis among Yemeni children who participated in this study (n = 400).
| Variables | Schistosomiasis | |||
| No. examined | Infected n (%) | OR(95% CI) | P | |
| Age | ||||
| >10 years | 178 | 37.6 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) | 0.023* |
| ≤10 years | 222 | 27.0 | 1 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 238 | 33.6 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.332 |
| Female | 162 | 29.0 | 1 | |
| Fathers' educational levels | ||||
| Non educated | 191 | 38.2 | 1.8 (1.2, 2.7) | 0.008* |
| Educated (at least primary education) | 209 | 25.8 | 1 | |
| Fathers' occupational status | ||||
| Farmers | 195 | 33.8 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 0.236 |
| Not working | 34 | 38.2 | 1.6 (0.7, 3.4) | 0.233 |
| Government employees & professionals | 171 | 28.1 | 1 | |
| Mothers' occupational status | ||||
| Farmer and/or daily labourer | 21 | 47.6 | 2.0 (0.8, 4.9) | 0.109 |
| Not working | 279 | 30.9 | 1 | |
| Household monthly income | ||||
| <20,000 YER (low) | 253 | 38.7 | 2.6 (1.6, 4.2) | <0.001* |
| ≥20,000 YER | 147 | 19.7 | 1 | |
| Family size | ||||
| ≥8 members (large) | 210 | 28.6 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.151 |
| <8 members | 190 | 35.3 | 1 | |
| Presence of toilet in house | ||||
| No | 180 | 39.4 | 1.9 (1.2, 2.9) | 0.003* |
| Yes | 220 | 25.5 | 1 | |
| Source of drinking water | ||||
| Unsafe source (stream, rain, well,..etc) | 279 | 36.2 | 2.1 (1.3, 3.4) | 0.004* |
| Safe source (pipe) | 121 | 21.5 | 1 | |
| Source of household water | ||||
| Unsafe source (stream, rain, well,..etc) | 287 | 35.2 | 1.8 (1.1, 3.0) | 0.018* |
| Safe source (pipe) | 113 | 23.0 | 1 | |
| Presence of stream/spring | ||||
| Yes | 125 | 41.6 | 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) | 0.004* |
| No | 275 | 27.3 | 1 | |
| Presence of pool/pond | ||||
| Yes | 80 | 51.3 | 2.9 (1.7, 4.7) | <0.001* |
| No | 320 | 26.9 | 1 | |
| Presence of dam | ||||
| Yes | 82 | 35.4 | 1.2 (0.7, 2.1) | 0.430 |
| No | 318 | 30.8 | 1 | |
| Presence of water pumps | ||||
| Yes | 134 | 23.1 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.009* |
| No | 266 | 36.1 | 1 | |
| Indiscriminate defecation/urination | ||||
| Yes | 245 | 33.9 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 0.251 |
| No | 155 | 28.4 | 1 | |
| Play/bath in open water source | ||||
| Yes | 235 | 34.0 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0 | 0.240* |
| No | 165 | 28.5 | 1 | |
| Washing clothes or utensil in open water source | ||||
| Yes | 119 | 31.1 | 1.5 (0.7, 3.3) | 0.332* |
| No | 43 | 23.3 | 1 | |
| Foreigners seen play/swim in open water sources | ||||
| Yes | 142 | 23.2 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.007* |
| No | 258 | 36.4 | 1 | |
| Presence of infected family member | ||||
| Yes | 140 | 50.7 | 3.7 (2.4, 5.8) | <0.001* |
| No | 260 | 21.5 | 1 | |
| Wearing shoes when go outside | ||||
| No | 73 | 37.0 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.3) | 0.288 |
| Yes | 327 | 30.6 | 1 | |
| History of schistosomiasis | ||||
| Yes | 205 | 34.6 | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) | 0.204 |
| No | 195 | 28.7 | 1 | |
YER, Yemen Rial; (US$1 = YER 214). OR, Odds ratio. CI, Confidence interval.
*
Significant association (P<0.05).