Table 5. The kidneys of maternally salt-exposed offspring appear to handle sodium appropriately under conditions of salt-loading.

Salt-stimulated renal function in adult offspring at 12 weeks of age
		± Maternal salt			P value
	Sex	−ve	+ve	s.e.d.	Salt	Sex	Salt*Sex
Food intake (mg/day/kg BW)	male	62.1	58.5	3.2	NS	<.001	NS
	female	81.4	78.3
Salt intake (g/day/kg BW)	male	2.48	2.34	0.12	NS	<.001	NS
	female	3.25	3.13
Water intake (ml/day/kg BW)	male	136	123	12	NS	<.001	NS
	female	202	203
Urine output (ml/day/kg BW)	male	91	79	10	NS	<.001	NS
	female	131	130
K excretion (µmoles/h/kg BW)	male	172	150	24	NS	0.02	NS
	female	222	192
Albumin excretion (g/L/h/kg BW)	male	2.52	3.50	1.12	NS	NS	NS
	female	2.29	1.35
Albumin clearance (ml/min/kg BW)	male	2.22	1.35	0.50	0.04	0.07	NS
	female	1.30	0.78
Creatinine clearance (ml/min/kg BW)	male	5.98	5.50	2.31	NS	NS	NS
	female	6.89	5.09
Osmolal clearance (ml/min/kg BW)	male	0.24	0.21	0.04	NS	0.004	NS
	female	0.37	0.32
Free water clearance (ml/min/kg BW)	male	86.8	77.9	12	NS	<.001	NS
	female	132	120

Food and water intake were measured over 3 days with the average intake presented. A 24 h urine collection with paired blood sample enabled analysis of renal function in salt-loaded offspring. Osmolarity, creatinine/albumin and electrolytes were measured by an osmometer (Osmomat 030, Gonotec), auto-analyser (RX-IMOLA, Randox) and ICP-MS (XSeries II, Thermo Fisher, Ltd), respectively as described in Methods. Data are estimated marginal means plus the standard error of the differences between means (s.e.d.) for: Control diet (−ve salt, n = 6 dams), n = 6/6 male/female offspring; 4% salt (+ve salt, n = 6 dams), n = 6/6 male/female pups. Data were analysed by mixed effects models with treatment (control vs. 4% salt) and sex (male vs. female) or their interaction as fixed effects and dam included as a random term (Genstat v14). NS, not significant.