Table 1.

Antibacterial agents and non-antibiotic therapeutics in clinical trials for MRSA and other related bacterial infections.

Name	Mode of Action	Conditions	Route(s)	Status	Investigator(s)/Ownership
Oritavancin	Inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis (a glycopeptide)	Wound infections, Abscess, Systemic inflammation, cellulitis	IV	Phase III	The Medicine Co. (Parsippany, NJ)
Dalbavancin	Inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis (a lipoglycopeptide)	Abscess, wound infection, surgical site infection, cellulitis	IV	Phase III	Pfizer
TD-1792 (Theravance)	Inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis	Staphylococcal skin infection	IV	Phase II	Theravance (San Francisco, CA)
Mupirocin and Chlorhexidine	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting isoleucyl tRNA Synthase	MRSA skin infection	Intranasal, body wash	Phase III	Los Angeles Biomedical Research institute, (Los Angeles, CA)
Iclaprim	Inhibition of Dihydrofolate reductase	Complicated skin and skin structure infections	IV	Phase III (development terminated)	Acino Holding (Basel, Switzerland)
XF-73	Depolarization of cytoplasmic membrane	Staphylococcal skin infection	Intranasal	Phase II	Destiny Pharma (Brighton, UK)
TP-434	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting ribosome	Complicated intra-abdominal infections	IV	Phase II	Tetraphase (Watertown, MA)
BC-3781	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit	Skin infections and bacterial pneumonia caused by MRSA	Oral, IV	Phase I	Nabriva Therapeutics (Vienna, Austria)
BC-7013	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit	Skin and skin structure infections and CA-pneumonia	Topical	Phase I	Nabriva Therapeutics (Vienna, Austria)
BC-3205	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit	Skin and skin structure infections and CA-pneumonia	Oral	Phase I	Nabriva Therapeutics (Vienna, Austria)
RX-1741	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit	CA-pneumonia, Staphylococcal skin infections, Streptococcal infections, Abscess	Oral	Phase II	Rib-X Pharmaceuticals (New Haven, CT)
Tedizolid	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit	Skin and subcutaneous tissue infections	Oral, IV	Phase III	Trius Therapeutics (San Diego, CA)/Bayer HealthCare
Tomopenem	Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to Penicillin Binding protein	Nosocomial infections due to Gram-negative and –positive bacteria, including MRSA	IV	Phase II	Daiichi-Sankyo (Tokyo, Japan)
Cethromycin (Restanza™)	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit	CA-bacterial pneumonia (The US FDA designated cethromycin an orphan drug for the prophylactic treatment of patients exposed to inhalation anthrax and in May 2007)	Oral	Phase III	Abbott/Advanced Life Sciences, Inc. (Chicago, IL)
EDP-420	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit	CA-pneumonia	Oral	Phase II	Enanta (Watertown, MA)
NXL 103 (XRP 2868)	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting ribosomal subunits (synergistic effect)	Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, CA- pneumonia	Oral	Phase II	AstraZeneca
Delafloxacin	Inhibition of bacterial Gyrase	Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, Complicated skin and skin structure infections	Oral, IV	Phase II	Rib-X (New Haven, CT)
LBM-415	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting peptide deformylase	CA-respiratory tract infections	Oral	Phase I (development terminated)	Novartis
GSK1322322	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting peptide deformylase	Bacterial skin and skin structure infections and hospitalized CA- pneumonia	Oral	Phase II	GlaxoSmithKline
Locilex™ (MSI-78 topical cream)	Formation of an amphipathic α-helical peptide on membranes that induces pore or changes membrane permeability	Diabetic foot infections caused by drug-sensitive and –resistant bacteria including MRSA, VRE, extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria	Topical	Phase III	Dipexium Pharmaceuticals (White Plains, NY)
OligoG CF-5/20	Immunomodulating activity	Lung infections in cystic fibrosis	Inhalation	Phase I	Algipharma (Sandvika, Norway)
F598	Inhibition of virulence by targeting the PNAG carbohydrate of the bacterial capsule	S. aureus and other clinically relevant bacteria	IV	Phase I	Sanofi (Paris, France)