Figure 1.

Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and critical roles of GPCRs. Studies with genetic manipulations and/or pharmacological interventions suggest that GPCRs mediate important processes in the development of EAE or MS: (I) T-cell activation; (II) T-cell egress from lymphoid tissues; (III) migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells from the periphery to the CNS; (IV) BBB integrity maintenance; (V) astrocyte activation; (VI) microglia activation; (VII) demyelination and neurotoxicity.