Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Driver Characteristics, Medications, Comorbidities, Clinical, and On-Road Tests (N = 198)
| Driver Characteristics | Mean (SD) or Frequency (%) | Sample Size |
| Age | 73.86 (6.05) | |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 119 (60.1) | |
| Male | 79 (39.9) | |
| Race | ||
| White | 178 (89.9) | |
| Other | 18 (9.1) | |
| Missing | 2 (1.0) | |
| Education | ||
| ≤High school | 39 (19.7) | |
| Vocational training after high school | 50 (25.3) | |
| ≥College | 107 (54.0) | |
| Missing | 2 (1) | |
| No. medications | 7.22 (4.55) | 194 |
| No. crashes (12 mo) | 18 (25.3) | 118 |
| No. crashes (3 yr) | 12 (15.4) | 78 |
| Driving days per week | ||
| 0–3 | 35 (17.7) | |
| 4–5 | 52 (26.3) | |
| 6–7 | 103 (52.0) | |
| Missing | 8 (4.0) | |
| Avoidance | ||
| Rush hour or heavy traffic | 73 (37.6) | 194 |
| Interstate or highway driving | 24 (12.5) | 192 |
| Rain | 25 (13.0) | 193 |
| Night | 20 (22.5) | 89 |
| Left-hand turns | 27 (13.9) | 194 |
| Other driving situations | 19 (9.8) | 194 |
| Visual acuity: Both | ||
| Vision 20/20–20/40 | 164 (82.8) | |
| Vision 20/50–20/200 | 18 (9.1) | |
| Missing | 16 (8.1) | |
| Visual acuity: Right | ||
| Vision 20/20–20/40 | 170 (85.9) | |
| Vision 20/50–20/200 | 22 (11.1) | |
| Missing | 6 (3.0) | |
| Visual acuity: Left | ||
| Vision 20/20–20/40 | 174 (87.9) | |
| Vision 20/50–20/200 | 18 (9.1) | |
| Missing | 6 (3.0) | |
| UFOV subset | ||
| UFOV 1 (ms) | 32.60 (42.62) | |
| UFOV 2 (ms) | 123.89 (112.01) | |
| UFOV 3 (ms) | 269.88 (118.91) | 196 |
| UFOV risk index | ||
| Very low | 89 (44.9) | |
| Low | 50 (25.3) | |
| Low to moderate | 31 (15.7) | |
| Moderate to high | 20 (10.1) | |
| High to very high | 6 (3.0) | |
| Missing | 2 (1.0) | |
| Trails B | 117.52 (85.91) | |
| MMSE total | 27.92 (5.58) | |
| Road test pass | 165 (83.3) |
Note. For the data collected from 2004 to 2006, we collected crash frequency in the past 12 mo, whereas the data collected from 2010 to 2011 show crash frequency over a period of 3 yr. Other racial categories included African American, American Indian or First Nations, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. SD = standard deviation; UFOV = Useful Field of View; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; Trails B = Trail Making Test Part N.