Table 2.
Mean (SD) outcome scores and ANCOVA-adjusted estimates of mean (95% confidence interval) differences between groups
|
Outcome |
Outcome score |
ANCOVA-adjusted estimates of the effects |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Real debridement |
Sham debridement |
Difference between groups |
t statistic | P | |
| (n = 41) | (n = 39) | (95% confidence interval)a | |||
|
Primary outcome: | |||||
| Reduction in pain (mm on a visual analogue scale) | |||||
| Baseline |
54.6 (21.0) |
47.3 (20.8) |
|
|
|
| Immediately post-intervention |
16.0 (16.4) |
19.7 (19.1) |
-6.0 (-13.6 to 1.7) |
-1.555 |
0.124 |
| 1-week post-intervention |
12.7 (12.9) |
19.1 (23.4) |
-7.2 (-15.6 to 1.3) |
-1.685 |
0.096 |
| 3-weeks post-intervention |
24.8 (20.0) |
29.4 (26.7) |
-6.3 (-16.7 to 4.1) |
-1.213 |
0.229 |
| 6-weeks post-intervention |
38.7 (31.4) |
36.7 (30.6) |
-2.2 (-15.0 to 10.5) |
-0.347 |
0.730 |
|
Secondary outcomes: | |||||
| Reduction in pain (mm on a visual analogue scale) | |||||
| Baseline |
54.6 (21.0) |
47.3 (20.8) |
|
|
|
| 2-weeks post-intervention |
16.9 (16.4) |
23.0 (21.0) |
-7.0 (-15.4 to 1.4) |
-1.651 |
0.103 |
| 4-weeks post-intervention |
31.4 (24.1) |
35.8 (29.0) |
-6.8 (-18.3 to 4.8) |
-1.166 |
0.247 |
| 5-weeks post-intervention |
40.7 (28.9) |
38.1 (31.1) |
-0.4 (-13.3 to 12.6) |
-0.059 |
0.953 |
| Peak plantar pressure (kg/cm2) | |||||
| Baseline |
2.2 (0.5) |
2.4 (0.4) |
|
|
|
| Immediately post-intervention |
2.2 (0.5) |
2.4 (0.4) |
0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) |
-1.091 |
0.279 |
| 6-weeks post-intervention |
2.2 (0.5) |
2.4 (0.4) |
0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) |
0.106 |
0.916 |
| Physical performance: | |||||
| Maximum balance range (cm) | |||||
| Baseline |
12.0 (4.1) |
11.1 (2.8) |
|
|
|
| Immediately post-intervention |
12.3 (3.4) |
11.5 (3.6) |
0.0 (-0.8 to 0.9) |
0.082 |
0.935 |
| 6-weeks post-intervention |
12.5 (3.4) |
11.9 (2.8) |
0.0 (-0.9 to 0.9) |
-0.095 |
0.924 |
| Timed sit-to-stand test (s) | |||||
| Baseline |
14.2 (4.6) |
14.5 (4.6) |
|
|
|
| Immediately post-intervention |
13.1 (3.7) |
12.9 (3.5) |
0.3 (-0.6 to 1.3) |
0.725 |
0.470 |
| 6-weeks post-intervention |
12.7 (3.0) |
12.6 (3.5) |
0.2 (-0.8 to 1.3) |
0.475 |
0.636 |
| Timed alternate step test (s) | |||||
| Baseline |
13.7 (4.4) |
13.5 (3.8) |
|
|
|
| Immediately post-intervention |
12.4 (2.9) |
12.4 (2.9) |
-0.2 (-0.9 to 0.5) |
-0.659 |
0.512 |
| 6-weeks post-intervention |
12.4 (3.1) |
12.4 (3.4) |
-0.1 (-1.1 to 0.8) |
-0.248 |
0.805 |
| 6-m walking test (s) | |||||
| Baseline |
6.1 (1.6) |
6.7 (1.6) |
|
|
|
| Immediately post-intervention |
5.7 (1.3) |
6.1 (1.3) |
-0.1 (-0.3 to 0.1) |
-0.687 |
0.494 |
| 6-weeks post-intervention | 5.8 (1.3) | 6.3 (1.6) | -0.1 (-0.5 to 0.2) | -0.821 | 0.414 |
aA negative result favors the experimental group and a positive result favors the control group.