Table 1.
Anthropometrics, clinical characteristics and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects
| Type 2 diabetes phenotype A (n = 77) | Type 2 diabetes phenotype B (n = 45) |
Control group |
ANOVA |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 54) | p-value | |||
| Age (years) |
60 ± 11 |
56 ± 11 a |
56 ± 14 a |
0.108 |
| Male (%) |
65.9 |
64.6 |
57.4 a, b |
<0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
29.6 ± 6.2 |
31.1 ± 4 a |
25.9 ± 3.6 a, b |
<0.001 |
| Waist (cm) |
104 ± 15 |
108 ± 13 a |
92 ± 11 a, b |
<0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) |
12 ± 11 |
9 ± 8 a |
- |
|
| Insulin use (%) |
58 |
52 a |
- |
|
| Lipid lowering drugs (%) |
30 |
28 |
- |
|
| HbA1c (%) |
9.1 ± 2.1 |
9.6 ± 2.3 a |
5.3 ± 0.6 a, b |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) 1 |
69.4 |
68.2 |
- |
|
| Retinopathy (%) |
29.6 |
29.5 |
- |
|
| Albuminuria (%) |
24 |
29.6 a |
- |
|
| Coronary heart disease (%) 2 |
5.6 |
15.9 a |
- |
|
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
4.78 ± 1.09 |
5.64 ± 1.53 a |
5.00 ± 0.79 b |
0.004 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
1.46 ± 0.79 |
3.89 ± 3.30 a |
0.87 ± 0.37 a,b |
<0.001 |
| VLDLc (mmol/L) |
0.65 ± 0.30 |
1.43 ± 1.12 a |
0.40 ± 0.17 a,b |
<0.001 |
| LDLc (mmol/L) |
2.86 ± 0.95 |
3.10 ± 0.96 a |
2.94 ± 0.66 b |
0.281 |
| HDLc (mmol/L) |
1.28 ± 0.33 |
1.02 ± 0.27 a |
1.64 ± 0.37 a,b |
<0.001 |
| NEFA (mmol/L) |
0.64 ± 0.29 |
0.90 ± 0.48 |
0.41 ± 0.19 a,b |
<0.001 |
| apoB (g/L) |
0.93 ± 0.32 |
1.09 ± 0.28 a |
0.80 ± 0.19 a,b |
<0.001 |
| apoA-I (g/L) |
1.46 ± 0.24 |
1.37 ± 0.25 a |
1.57 ± 0.31 a,b |
0.001 |
| apoA-II (g/L) |
0.33 ± 0.07 |
0.34 ± 0.06 |
0.35 ± 0.05 |
0.081 |
| LDL size (nm) | 26.0 ± 0.4 | 25.0 ± 0.4 a | 26.3 ± 0.1 b | <0.001 |
a, P < 0.05 vs phenotype A patients; b, P < 0.05 vs phenotype B patients. 1 Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or those who were receiving antihypertensive therapy at the time of examination. 2 Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) was defined as documented diagnosis of CHD, self-reported positive history of CHD or ECG positive for CHD.