Table 1.
CVD risk factors in study subjects
| Variables | CVD no | CVD yes | P |
|---|---|---|---|
|
n (%) |
6,157 (74.3) |
2,133 (25.7) |
|
|
Males (%) |
3,300 (53.6) |
1,426 (66.9) |
<0.0001 |
|
Age, years |
66.4±10.0 |
69.6±9.3 |
<0.0001 |
| 67 (60–73) |
70 (63–76) |
||
|
Age at diabetes diagnosis, years |
52.0±10.6 |
51.2±10.9 |
0.003 |
| 52 (45–59) |
51 (44–58) |
||
|
Diabetes duration, years |
14.5±10.0 |
18.4±10.4 |
<0.0001 |
| 12 (6–21) |
18 (10–26) |
||
|
Smoking, n (%) |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| Never |
3,478 (56.5) |
1,006 (47.2) |
|
| Former |
1,739 (28.2) |
817 (38.3) |
|
| Current |
940 (15.3) |
310 (14.5) |
|
|
Current HbA1c, % |
7.57±1.36 |
7.86±1.40 |
<0.0001 |
| 7.42 (6.70-8.28) |
7.66 (6.92-8.59) |
||
|
HbA1c-MEAN, % |
7.63±1.19 |
7.88±1.21 |
<0.0001 |
| 7.49 (6.81-8.31) |
7.78 (7.04-8.56) |
||
|
HbA1c-SD, % |
0.59±0.48 |
0.60±0.47 |
0.105 |
| 0.46 (0.28-0.73) |
0.47 (0.29-0.75) |
||
|
HbA1c-CV, % |
7.57±5.52 |
7.45±5.17 |
0.936 |
| 6.06 (3.94-9.37) |
6.17 (3.96-9.33) |
||
|
Adj-HbA1c-SD, % |
0.52±0.42 |
0.53±0.41 |
0.058 |
| 0.40 (0.26-0.67) |
0.42 (0.26-0.67) |
||
|
BMI, kg/m2 |
|
|
|
| Males |
28.2±4.3 |
28.6±4.5 |
0.017 |
| 27.7 (25.2-30.6) |
28.1 (25.4-31.0) |
||
| Females |
29.4±5.7 |
29.5±5.8 |
0.820 |
| 28.7 (25.5-32.5) |
28.8 (25.5-32.8) |
||
|
Triglycerides, mmol/l |
1.52±0.90 |
1.58±0.94 |
0.016 |
| 1.30 (0.95-1.83) |
1.35 (0.98-1.92) |
||
|
Total cholesterol, mmol/l |
4.82±0.93 |
4.56±0.95 |
<0.0001 |
| 4.76 (4.20-5.39) |
4.77 (3.91-5.12) |
||
|
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l |
|
|
|
| Males |
1.25±0.33 |
1.19±0.31 |
<0.0001 |
| 1.22 (1.01-1.45) |
1.14 (0.97-1.35) |
||
| Females |
1.41±0.37 |
1.33±0.33 |
<0.0001 |
| 1.35 (1.14-1.59) |
1.28 (1.09-1.52) |
||
|
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l |
2.81±0.80 |
2.61±0.81 |
<0.0001 |
| 2.77 (2.36-4.01) |
2.54 (2.05-3.07) |
||
|
Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/l |
3.50±0.90 |
3.33±0.90 |
<0.0001 |
| 3.42 (2.82-3.98) |
3.22 (2.69-3.83) |
||
|
Dyslipidemia, n (%) |
5,032 (81.7) |
1,871 (87.7) |
<0.0001 |
|
Systolic BP, mmHg |
139.8±18.0 |
138.9±19.1 |
0.050 |
| 140 (130–150) |
140 (125–150) |
||
|
Diastolic BP, mmHg |
78.9±9.1 |
77.4±9.4 |
<0.0001 |
| 80 (71–85) |
80 (70–82) |
||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 5,121 (83.2) | 1,987 (93.2) | <0.0001 |
Prevalence of CVD risk factors in individuals with or without prior CVD event(s). Values are mean±SD and median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables; P values for comparison between groups using the Student’s t test for parametric or the corresponding Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric (HbA1c-SD, HbA1c-CV, Adj- HbA1c-SD, and triglycerides) continuous variables, and the χ2 test for categorical variables.