Table 5.
Independent correlates of coronary events
|
Variables |
Any coronary event |
AMI |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
|
Age, x year |
1.015 |
1.007-1.023 |
0.003 |
1.025 |
1.015-1.034 |
<0.0001 |
|
Diabetes duration, x year |
1.019 |
1.012-1.026 |
<0.0001 |
1.013 |
1.004-1.021 |
0.002 |
|
Gender, male |
2.066 |
1.792-2.382 |
<0.0001 |
2.493 |
2.103-2.956 |
<0.0001 |
|
BMI, x unit |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Smoking |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| No |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| Former |
1.496 |
1.301-1.719 |
<0.0001 |
1.560 |
1.327-1.834 |
<0.0001 |
| Current |
1.125 |
0.930-1.361 |
0.226 |
1.116 |
0.890-1.400 |
0.343 |
|
Triglycerides, x 0.0113 mmol/l |
3.177 |
2.436-4.144 |
<0.0001 |
4.297 |
2.994-6.116 |
<0.0001 |
|
HDL cholesterol, x0.259mmol/l |
0.981 |
0.975-0.986 |
<0.0001 |
0.982 |
0.976-0.988 |
<0.0001 |
|
Dyslipidemia |
2.076 |
1.710-2.521 |
<0.0001 |
2.431 |
1.911-3.092 |
<0.0001 |
|
Hypertension |
0.999 |
0.998-1.000 |
0.012 |
— |
— |
— |
|
Diabetes treatment, n (%) |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| Diet |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| OHA |
1.205 |
0.953-1.524 |
0.119 |
1.302 |
0.988-1.716 |
0.061 |
| Insulin + OHA |
1.342 |
0.985-1.828 |
0.062 |
1.870 |
1.326-2.636 |
<0.0001 |
| Insulin |
2.013 |
1.528-2.652 |
<0.0001 |
2.444 |
1.786-3.345 |
<0.0001 |
|
Albuminuria |
|
|
<0.0001 |
— |
— |
— |
| Normoalbuminuria |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Microalbuminuria |
1.405 |
1.187-1.665 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
|
| Macroalbuminuria |
1.146 |
0.839-1.565 |
0.390 |
|
|
|
|
eGFR (MDRD) |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.133 |
0.963-1.333 |
0.131 |
1.196 |
0.984-1.455 |
0.072 |
| 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.949 |
1.592-2.388 |
<0.0001 |
2.018 |
1.591-2.560 |
<0.0001 |
| <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.731 |
1.087-2.757 |
0.021 |
1.714 |
1.005-2.924 |
0.048 |
|
Retinopathy |
|
|
0.016 |
|
|
0.049 |
| No retinopathy |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| Non advanced retinopathy |
1.229 |
1.037-1.457 |
0.017 |
1.221 |
1.001-1.489 |
0.048 |
| Advanced retinopathy |
1.255 |
1.018-1.547 |
0.033 |
1.260 |
0.991-1.603 |
0.060 |
|
MODEL 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HbA1c-MEAN, 1% increment |
1.069 |
1.010-1.133 |
0.022 |
– |
– |
– |
|
MODEL 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HbA1c-MEAN, 1% increment |
1.069 |
1.010-1.133 |
0.022 |
– |
– |
– |
| HbA1c-SD, 1% increment |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
MODEL 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HbA1c-MEAN |
|
|
0.004 |
|
|
0.003 |
| quartile 1 |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| quartile 2 |
0.961 |
0.793-1.163 |
0.680 |
0.956 |
0.763-1.197 |
0.692 |
| quartile 3 |
1.297 |
1.073-1.567 |
0.007 |
1.68 |
1.097-1.706 |
0.005 |
| quartile 4 |
1.159 |
0.950-1.414 |
0.146 |
1.075 |
0.849-1.360 |
0.549 |
| HbA1c-SD quartiles | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Logistic regression analysis with backward variables selection of independent correlates of any coronary event and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) versus no CVD. ORs of variables except HbA1c-MEAN, Hb-A1c-SD and their quartiles were determined by multivariate logistic analysis from MODEL 1. The results did not change significantly in MODEL 2 and MODEL 3.