Table 6.
Independent correlates of cerebrovascular events
|
Variables |
Any cerebrovascular event |
Stroke |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
|
Age, x year |
1.022 |
1.012-1.032 |
<0.0001 |
1.046 |
1.030-1.062 |
<0.0001 |
|
Diabetes duration, x year |
1.033 |
1.025-1.042 |
<0.0001 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Gender, male |
1.720 |
1.452-2.036 |
<0.0001 |
2.041 |
1.520-2.739 |
<0.0001 |
|
BMI, x unit |
1.016 |
1.000-1.033 |
0.046 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Smoking |
|
|
0.060 |
|
|
0.020 |
| No |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| Former |
1.196 |
1.010-1.416 |
0.030 |
1.446 |
1.081-1.935 |
0.013 |
| Current |
1.216 |
0.976-1.516 |
0.081 |
1.503 |
1.030-2.194 |
0.034 |
|
Triglycerides, x 0.0113 mmol/l |
1.520 |
1.158-1.995 |
0.003 |
2.269 |
1.348-3.819 |
0.002 |
|
HDL cholesterol, x0.259mmol/l |
0.983 |
0.977-0.989 |
<0.0001 |
0.987 |
0.977-0.998 |
0.017 |
|
Dyslipidemia |
1.780 |
1.424-2.224 |
<0.0001 |
1.644 |
1.125-2.402 |
0.010 |
|
Hypertension |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Diabetes treatment, n (%) |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| Diet |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| OHA |
1.176 |
0.881-1.570 |
0.272 |
1.339 |
0.808-2.218 |
0.257 |
| Insulin + OHA |
0.611 |
0.402-0.927 |
0.021 |
1.756 |
0.938-3.297 |
0.080 |
| Insulin |
1.911 |
1.375-2.657 |
<0.0001 |
3.541 |
2.074-6.046 |
<0.0001 |
|
Albuminuria |
|
|
<0.0001 |
– |
– |
– |
| Normoalbuminuria |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Microalbuminuria |
1.405 |
1.187-1.665 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
|
| Macroalbuminuria |
1.146 |
0.839-1.565 |
0.390 |
|
|
|
|
eGFR (MDRD) |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
0.001 |
| ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.126 |
0.211.376 |
0.247 |
1.394 |
0.963-2.018 |
0.078 |
| 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.747 |
1.367-2.233 |
<0.0001 |
1.817 |
1.167-2.830 |
0.008 |
| <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
2.759 |
1.718-4.431 |
<0.0001 |
3.798 |
1.868-7.721 |
<0.0001 |
|
Retinopathy |
|
|
<0.0001 |
– |
– |
– |
| No retinopathy |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non advanced retinopathy |
1.458 |
1.207-1.762 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
|
| Advanced retinopathy |
1.089 |
0.840-1.411 |
0.521 |
|
|
|
|
MODEL 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HbA1c-MEAN, 1% increment |
1.096 |
1.026-1.171 |
0.007 |
– |
– |
– |
|
MODEL 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HbA1c-MEAN, 1% increment |
1.096 |
1.026-1.171 |
0.007 |
— |
— |
— |
| HbA1c-SD, 1% increment |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
MODEL 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HbA1c-MEAN |
|
|
0.002 |
— |
— |
— |
| quartile 1 |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| quartile 2 |
00.981 |
0.776-1.241 |
0.874 |
|
|
|
| quartile 3 |
1.410 |
1.116-1.781 |
0.004 |
|
|
|
| quartile 4 |
1.325 |
1.029-1.707 |
0.029 |
|
|
|
| HbA1c-SD quartiles | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Logistic regression analysis with backward variables selection of independent correlates of any cerebrovascular event and stroke versus no CVD. ORs of variables except HbA1c-MEAN, Hb-A1c-SD and their quartiles were determined by multivariate logistic analysis from MODEL 1. The results did not change significantly in MODEL 2 and MODEL 3.