Table 7.
Independent correlates of lower limb vascular events
|
Variables |
Any lower limb vascular event |
Ulceration/gangrene |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
|
Age, x year |
1.025 |
1.013-1.037 |
<0.0001 |
1.033 |
1.017-1.048 |
<0.0001 |
|
Diabetes duration, x year |
1.033 |
1.023-1.043 |
<0.0001 |
1.024 |
1.011-1.037 |
<0.0001 |
|
Gender, male |
1.727 |
1.408-2.118 |
<0.0001 |
1.448 |
1.123-1.866 |
0.004 |
|
BMI, x unit |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Smoking |
|
|
0.008 |
– |
– |
– |
| No |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Former |
1.347 |
1.100-1.650 |
0.004 |
|
|
|
| Current |
1.317 |
1.010-1.718 |
0.042 |
|
|
|
|
Triglycerides, x 0.0113 mmol/l |
1.385 |
1.005-1.909 |
0.047 |
– |
– |
– |
|
HDL cholesterol, x0.259mmol/l |
0.979 |
0.972-0.987 |
<0.0001 |
0.985 |
0.976-0.994 |
0.001 |
|
Dyslipidemia |
1.557 |
1.201-2.018 |
0.001 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Hypertension |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Diabetes treatment, n (%) |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| Diet |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| OHA |
1.274 |
0.871-1.861 |
0.212 |
1.828 |
1.023-3.266 |
0.042 |
| Insulin + OHA |
1.146 |
0.710-1.848 |
0.577 |
1.669 |
0.845-3.296 |
0.140 |
| Insulin |
2.014 |
1.321-3.072 |
0.001 |
2.948 |
1.595-5.449 |
0.001 |
|
Albuminuria |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| Normoalbuminuria |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| Microalbuminuria |
1.527 |
1.248-1.868 |
<0.0001 |
1.878 |
1.447-2.436 |
<0.0001 |
| Macroalbuminuria |
1.375 |
0.967-1.957 |
0.076 |
2.053 |
1.351-3.119 |
0.001 |
|
eGFR (MDRD) |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
1.221 |
0.947-1.574 |
0.124 |
1.195 |
0.851-1.678 |
0.303 |
| 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
2.187 |
1.626-2.942 |
<0.0001 |
2.104 |
1.430-3.097 |
<0.0001 |
| <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
2.001 |
1.107-3.618 |
0.022 |
2.059 |
1.018-4.165 |
0.044 |
|
Retinopathy |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| No retinopathy |
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| Non advanced retinopathy |
1.696 |
1.353-2.125 |
<0.0001 |
1.880 |
1.403-2.520 |
<0.0001 |
| Advanced retinopathy |
1.892 |
1.439-2.489 |
<0.0001 |
2.680 |
1.926-3.729 |
<0.0001 |
|
MODEL 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HbA1c-MEAN, 1% increment |
1.086 |
1.003-1.175 |
0.042 |
– |
– |
– |
|
MODEL 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HbA1c-MEAN, 1% increment |
1.086 |
1.003-1.175 |
0.042 |
– |
– |
|
| HbA1c-SD, 1% increment |
1.208 |
0.974-1.497 |
0.085 |
1.407 |
1.134-1.746 |
0.036 |
|
MODEL 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HbA1c-MEAN |
|
|
0.026 |
– |
– |
– |
| quartile 1 |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| quartile 2 |
1.075 |
0.800-1.445 |
0.632 |
|
|
|
| quartile 3 |
1.466 |
1.101-1.953 |
0.009 |
|
|
|
| quartile 4 |
1.296 |
0.967-1.737 |
0.083 |
|
|
|
|
HbA1c-SD quartiles |
– |
– |
– |
|
|
0.036 |
| quartile 1 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
| quartile 2 |
|
|
|
1.057 |
0.736-1.518 |
0.764 |
| quartile 3 |
|
– |
|
1.018 |
0.709-1.462 |
0.922 |
| quartile 4 | 1.498 | 1.061-2.116 | 0.022 | |||
Logistic regression analysis with backward variables selection of independent correlates of any lower limb vascular event and ulceration/gangrene versus no CVD. ORs of variables except HbA1c-MEAN, Hb-A1c-SD and their quartiles were determined by multivariate logistic analysis from MODEL 1. The results did not change significantly in MODEL 2 and MODEL 3.