Table 1.
General characteristic of subjects with COPD, classified according to the presence of GERD
| |
Variables |
COPD with GERD |
COPD without GERD |
p |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | (%) | No. | (%) | |||
|
Total |
39,987 |
(100.0) |
101,070 |
(100.0) |
|
|
|
Sex |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Male |
22,967 |
(57.4) |
61,674 |
(61.0) |
|
| |
Female |
17,020 |
(42.6) |
39,396 |
(39.0) |
|
|
Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Mean ± SD |
68.86 ± 10.18 |
69.71 ± 11.67 |
<0.001 |
||
| |
40–49 |
1,904 |
(4.8) |
5,243 |
(5.2) |
<0.001 |
| |
50–59 |
5,349 |
(13.4) |
13,052 |
(12.9) |
|
| |
60–69 |
11,954 |
(29.9) |
26,801 |
(26.5) |
|
| |
70–79 |
15,239 |
(38.1) |
37,329 |
(36.9) |
|
| |
80+ |
5,541 |
(13.9) |
18,645 |
(18.4) |
|
|
Type of insurance |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Health insurance |
32,823 |
(82.1) |
85,755 |
(84.8) |
|
| |
Medical aid |
7,164 |
(17.9) |
15,315 |
(15.2) |
|
|
Hospitalization |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Never |
24,179 |
(60.5) |
70,547 |
(69.8) |
|
| |
Ever |
15,808 |
(39.5) |
30,523 |
(30.2) |
|
|
ICU hospitalization |
|
|
|
|
0.377 |
|
| |
Never |
39,817 |
(99.6) |
100,605 |
(99.5) |
|
| |
Ever |
170 |
(0.4) |
465 |
(0.5) |
|
|
No. of ER visits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Mean ± SD |
1.65 ± 1.24 |
1.50 ± 1.02 |
<0.001 |
||
| |
0 |
31,260 |
(78.2) |
84,116 |
(83.2) |
<0.001 |
| |
1–2 |
7,446 |
(18.6) |
15,121 |
(15.0) |
|
| |
3–4 |
984 |
(2.5) |
1,506 |
(1.5) |
|
| |
5+ |
297 |
(0.7) |
327 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Chest X-ray |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Never |
22,671 |
(56.7) |
65,494 |
(64.8) |
|
| |
Ever |
17,316 |
(43.3) |
35,576 |
(35.2) |
|
|
Spirometry |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Never |
23,353 |
(58.4) |
65,891 |
(65.2) |
|
| |
Ever |
16,634 |
(41.6) |
35,179 |
(34.8) |
|
|
Chest CT |
|
|
|
|
0.055 |
|
| |
Never |
39,583 |
(99.0) |
100,159 |
(99.1) |
|
| |
Ever |
404 |
(1.0) |
911 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Never |
27,923 |
(69.8) |
94,638 |
(93.6) |
|
| |
Ever |
12,064 |
(30.2) |
6,432 |
(6.4) |
|
|
24-h esophageal pH monitoring |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Never |
39,974 |
(100.0) |
101,067 |
(100.0) |
|
| |
Ever |
13 |
(0.0) |
3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Esophagography |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
Never |
39,352 |
(98.4) |
100,566 |
(99.5) |
|
| |
Ever |
635 |
(1.6) |
504 |
(0.5) |
|
|
COPD severity |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
| |
No |
32,629 |
(81.6) |
84,427 |
(83.5) |
|
| |
Yes |
7,358 |
(18.4) |
16,643 |
(16.5) |
|
|
Comorbidity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ischemic heart disease |
8,262 |
(20.7) |
15,696 |
(15.5) |
<0.001 |
| |
Osteoporosis |
8,723 |
(21.8) |
15,281 |
(15.1) |
<0.001 |
| |
Depressive disorder |
4,838 |
(12.1) |
6,442 |
(6.4) |
<0.001 |
| |
Arthritis |
10,299 |
(25.8) |
18,035 |
(17.8) |
<0.001 |
| |
Diabetes mellitus |
10,426 |
(26.1) |
22,478 |
(22.2) |
<0.001 |
| |
Congestive heart failure |
3,819 |
(9.6) |
8,661 |
(8.6) |
<0.001 |
| |
Hypertension |
20,734 |
(51.9) |
48,802 |
(48.3) |
<0.001 |
| |
Anemia |
2,354 |
(5.9) |
3,973 |
(3.9) |
<0.001 |
| |
Metabolic syndrome |
9,296 |
(23.2) |
16,428 |
(16.3) |
<0.001 |
| |
Barrett’s esophagus |
23 |
(0.1) |
4 |
(0.0) |
<0.001 |
| |
Gastric ulcer |
14,308 |
(35.8) |
17,940 |
(17.8) |
<0.001 |
| |
Duodenal ulcer |
2,489 |
(6.2) |
2,404 |
(2.4) |
<0.001 |
| |
Peptic ulcer |
8,856 |
(22.1) |
13,657 |
(13.5) |
<0.001 |
| Gastroduodenitis | 36,196 | (90.5) | 77,151 | (76.3) | <0.001 | |
No. = number of subjects; SD = standard deviation; ICU = intensive care unit; ER = emergency room.