Table 3.
Window of antiviral effects from CHLA and PUG against different viruses
| Virus | Treatments |
Window of antiviral effectsa |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free particle |
Attachment |
Penetration | Post-infection | Cell-to-cell spread | |||
| Method 1 | Method 2b | ||||||
| HCMV |
CHLA |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
| PUG |
+++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
|
| Heparin |
+ |
++ |
+++ |
+ |
- |
- |
|
| HCV |
CHLA |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
| PUG |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
|
| Heparin |
++ |
+ |
+++ |
- |
+ |
- |
|
| DENV-2 |
CHLA |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
- |
- |
| PUG |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
- |
- |
|
| Heparin |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
++ |
- |
- |
|
| MV |
CHLA |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
| PUG |
++ |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
|
| Heparin |
++ |
+++ |
++ |
+ |
- |
- |
|
| RSV | CHLA |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
++ |
- |
- |
| PUG |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
- |
- |
|
| Heparin | + | +++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | |
a Inhibitory effect (%) relative to DMSO control: +++ > 75%; ++ 50–75%; + 25–50%; - < 25%. Heparin was included for comparison.
b Results from the highest inhibitory concentration of the compounds were used.